National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)
R35 GM152198
United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute Of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID)
R01 AI150524
United States
Citation
Journal: bioRxiv / Year: 2024 Title: Structural Basis for Polθ-Helicase DNA Binding and Microhomology-Mediated End-Joining. Authors: Fumiaki Ito / Ziyuan Li / Leonid Minakhin / Htet A Khant / Richard T Pomerantz / Xiaojiang S Chen / Abstract: DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) present a critical threat to genomic integrity, often precipitating genomic instability and oncogenesis. Repair of DSBs predominantly occurs through homologous ...DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) present a critical threat to genomic integrity, often precipitating genomic instability and oncogenesis. Repair of DSBs predominantly occurs through homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). In HR-deficient cells, DNA polymerase theta (Polθ) becomes critical for DSB repair via microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ), also termed theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ). Thus, Polθ is synthetically lethal with BRCA1/2 and other HR factors, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target in HR-deficient cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms governing Polθ-mediated MMEJ remain poorly understood. Here we present a series of cryo-electron microscopy structures of the Polθ helicase domain (Polθ-hel) in complex with DNA containing 3'-overhang. The structures reveal the sequential conformations adopted by Polθ-hel during the critical phases of DNA binding, microhomology searching, and microhomology annealing. The stepwise conformational changes within the Polθ-hel subdomains and its functional dimeric state are pivotal for aligning the 3'-overhangs, facilitating the microhomology search and subsequent annealing necessary for DSB repair via MMEJ. Our findings illustrate the essential molecular switches within Polθ-hel that orchestrate the MMEJ process in DSB repair, laying the groundwork for the development of targeted therapies against the Polθ-hel.
Entire : Human DNA polymerase theta helicase domain in microhomology annea...
Entire
Name: Human DNA polymerase theta helicase domain in microhomology annealed state 1, dimer form
Components
Complex: Human DNA polymerase theta helicase domain in microhomology annealed state 1, dimer form
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Supramolecule #1: Human DNA polymerase theta helicase domain in microhomology annea...
Supramolecule
Name: Human DNA polymerase theta helicase domain in microhomology annealed state 1, dimer form type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0
Source (natural)
Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weight
Theoretical: 253 KDa
-
Experimental details
-
Structure determination
Method
cryo EM
Processing
single particle reconstruction
Aggregation state
particle
-
Sample preparation
Concentration
1.0 mg/mL
Buffer
pH: 7.5
Vitrification
Cryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV
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Electron microscopy
Microscope
TFS KRIOS
Image recording
Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) / Number grids imaged: 1 / Number real images: 10331 / Average exposure time: 3.5 sec. / Average electron dose: 65.0 e/Å2
Electron beam
Acceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
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