odontoblast differentiation / Post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway / Cilium Assembly / cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport / Carboxyterminal post-translational modifications of tubulin / Microtubule-dependent trafficking of connexons from Golgi to the plasma membrane / Sealing of the nuclear envelope (NE) by ESCRT-III / Intraflagellar transport / Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC / Gap junction assembly ...odontoblast differentiation / Post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway / Cilium Assembly / cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport / Carboxyterminal post-translational modifications of tubulin / Microtubule-dependent trafficking of connexons from Golgi to the plasma membrane / Sealing of the nuclear envelope (NE) by ESCRT-III / Intraflagellar transport / Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC / Gap junction assembly / Kinesins / Assembly and cell surface presentation of NMDA receptors / COPI-independent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic / GTPase activating protein binding / COPI-dependent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic / natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity / nuclear envelope lumen / regulation of synapse organization / Recycling pathway of L1 / RHOH GTPase cycle / MHC class I protein binding / microtubule-based process / RHO GTPases activate IQGAPs / intercellular bridge / Hedgehog 'off' state / COPI-mediated anterograde transport / cytoplasmic microtubule / Activation of AMPK downstream of NMDARs / spindle assembly / Loss of Nlp from mitotic centrosomes / Loss of proteins required for interphase microtubule organization from the centrosome / Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes / MHC class II antigen presentation / Recruitment of NuMA to mitotic centrosomes / Anchoring of the basal body to the plasma membrane / Mitotic Prometaphase / cellular response to interleukin-4 / EML4 and NUDC in mitotic spindle formation / HSP90 chaperone cycle for steroid hormone receptors (SHR) in the presence of ligand / AURKA Activation by TPX2 / Resolution of Sister Chromatid Cohesion / Translocation of SLC2A4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane / RHO GTPases Activate Formins / PKR-mediated signaling / structural constituent of cytoskeleton / microtubule cytoskeleton organization / HCMV Early Events / cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule / Aggrephagy / azurophil granule lumen / The role of GTSE1 in G2/M progression after G2 checkpoint / mitotic spindle / Separation of Sister Chromatids / Regulation of PLK1 Activity at G2/M Transition / mitotic cell cycle / double-stranded RNA binding / microtubule cytoskeleton / cell body / Potential therapeutics for SARS / cytoskeleton / 加水分解酵素; 酸無水物に作用; GTPに作用・細胞または細胞小器官の運動に関与 / microtubule / cilium / membrane raft / protein domain specific binding / cell division / GTPase activity / Neutrophil degranulation / ubiquitin protein ligase binding / GTP binding / protein-containing complex binding / structural molecule activity / protein-containing complex / extracellular exosome / extracellular region / metal ion binding / nucleus / cytoplasm / cytosol 類似検索 - 分子機能
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIH/NINDS)
ZO1 NS003163
米国
引用
ジャーナル: Nat Chem Biol / 年: 2024 タイトル: Structural basis for α-tubulin-specific and modification state-dependent glutamylation. 著者: Kishore K Mahalingan / Danielle A Grotjahn / Yan Li / Gabriel C Lander / Elena A Zehr / Antonina Roll-Mecak / 要旨: Microtubules have spatiotemporally complex posttranslational modification patterns. Tubulin tyrosine ligase-like (TTLL) enzymes introduce the most prevalent modifications on α-tubulin and β-tubulin. ...Microtubules have spatiotemporally complex posttranslational modification patterns. Tubulin tyrosine ligase-like (TTLL) enzymes introduce the most prevalent modifications on α-tubulin and β-tubulin. How TTLLs specialize for specific substrate recognition and ultimately modification-pattern generation is largely unknown. TTLL6, a glutamylase implicated in ciliopathies, preferentially modifies tubulin α-tails in microtubules. Cryo-electron microscopy, kinetic analysis and single-molecule biochemistry reveal an unprecedented quadrivalent recognition that ensures simultaneous readout of microtubule geometry and posttranslational modification status. By binding to a β-tubulin subunit, TTLL6 modifies the α-tail of the longitudinally adjacent tubulin dimer. Spanning two tubulin dimers along and across protofilaments (PFs) ensures fidelity of recognition of both the α-tail and the microtubule. Moreover, TTLL6 reads out and is stimulated by glutamylation of the β-tail of the laterally adjacent tubulin dimer, mediating crosstalk between α-tail and β-tail. This positive feedback loop can generate localized microtubule glutamylation patterns. Our work uncovers general principles that generate tubulin chemical and topographic complexity.
超分子 #1: TTLL6 bound to unmodified human microtubules
超分子
名称: TTLL6 bound to unmodified human microtubules / タイプ: complex / ID: 1 / 親要素: 0 / 含まれる分子: all 詳細: Microtubules were decorated with TTLL6 on electron microscopy grids
凍結剤: ETHANE / チャンバー内湿度: 100 % / チャンバー内温度: 303 K / 装置: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV 詳細: The sample was blotted with Whatman #5 blotting paper on both sides of the grid for 3 s with a blot offset of -1 using a Vitrobot Mark IV (Thermo Fisher Scientific) with a chamber set to 30C ...詳細: The sample was blotted with Whatman #5 blotting paper on both sides of the grid for 3 s with a blot offset of -1 using a Vitrobot Mark IV (Thermo Fisher Scientific) with a chamber set to 30C at 100% humidity and subsequently plunged into liquid ethane..
選択した数: 59044 詳細: Due to highly heterogeneous TTLL6 decoration of microtubules, microtubules were manually selected. 59044 overlapping segments with a box size of 568 pixels were extracted every 82 A.
初期モデル
モデルのタイプ: OTHER 詳細: synthetic microtubule references were generated in UCSF Chimera