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- EMDB-41018: Microtubule-TTLL6 map -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-41018
TitleMicrotubule-TTLL6 map
Map dataMap of TTLL6 bound to alpha1B and betaI and betaIVb microtubules
Sample
  • Complex: TTLL6 bound to unmodified human microtubules
    • Complex: Tubulin alpha-1B chain, Tubulin betaI chain
      • Protein or peptide: Tubulin alpha-1B chain
      • Protein or peptide: Tubulin beta chain
    • Complex: Tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL6
      • Protein or peptide: Tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL6
  • Ligand: GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATEGuanosine triphosphate
  • Ligand: MAGNESIUM ION
  • Ligand: PHOSPHOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID GUANYLATE ESTER
Keywordstubulin post-translational modifications / microtubules / TTLL / LIGASE
Function / homology
Function and homology information


positive regulation of cilium movement / protein-glutamic acid ligase activity / tubulin-glutamic acid ligase activity / Carboxyterminal post-translational modifications of tubulin / protein polyglutamylation / regulation of cilium beat frequency involved in ciliary motility / 9+0 non-motile cilium / microtubule severing / Ligases; Forming carbon-nitrogen bonds; Acid-amino-acid ligases (peptide synthases) / odontoblast differentiation ...positive regulation of cilium movement / protein-glutamic acid ligase activity / tubulin-glutamic acid ligase activity / Carboxyterminal post-translational modifications of tubulin / protein polyglutamylation / regulation of cilium beat frequency involved in ciliary motility / 9+0 non-motile cilium / microtubule severing / Ligases; Forming carbon-nitrogen bonds; Acid-amino-acid ligases (peptide synthases) / odontoblast differentiation / Post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway / Carboxyterminal post-translational modifications of tubulin / Microtubule-dependent trafficking of connexons from Golgi to the plasma membrane / Cilium Assembly / cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport / Intraflagellar transport / Sealing of the nuclear envelope (NE) by ESCRT-III / Gap junction assembly / Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC / COPI-independent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic / natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity / microtubule bundle formation / Kinesins / Assembly and cell surface presentation of NMDA receptors / GTPase activating protein binding / COPI-dependent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic / regulation of synapse organization / intercellular bridge / nuclear envelope lumen / Recycling pathway of L1 / RHOH GTPase cycle / RHO GTPases activate IQGAPs / spindle assembly / MHC class I protein binding / Hedgehog 'off' state / cytoplasmic microtubule / microtubule-based process / COPI-mediated anterograde transport / Activation of AMPK downstream of NMDARs / Mitotic Prometaphase / EML4 and NUDC in mitotic spindle formation / Loss of Nlp from mitotic centrosomes / Loss of proteins required for interphase microtubule organization from the centrosome / Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes / Resolution of Sister Chromatid Cohesion / Recruitment of NuMA to mitotic centrosomes / HSP90 chaperone cycle for steroid hormone receptors (SHR) in the presence of ligand / Anchoring of the basal body to the plasma membrane / MHC class II antigen presentation / cellular response to interleukin-4 / tubulin binding / AURKA Activation by TPX2 / ciliary basal body / Translocation of SLC2A4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane / RHO GTPases Activate Formins / Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement / PKR-mediated signaling / cilium / structural constituent of cytoskeleton / cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule / mitotic spindle / microtubule cytoskeleton organization / Aggrephagy / HCMV Early Events / Separation of Sister Chromatids / The role of GTSE1 in G2/M progression after G2 checkpoint / microtubule cytoskeleton / azurophil granule lumen / Regulation of PLK1 Activity at G2/M Transition / double-stranded RNA binding / mitotic cell cycle / cell body / microtubule / Potential therapeutics for SARS / cytoskeleton / membrane raft / cell division / protein domain specific binding / GTPase activity / ubiquitin protein ligase binding / Neutrophil degranulation / protein-containing complex binding / GTP binding / structural molecule activity / protein-containing complex / extracellular exosome / extracellular region / ATP binding / metal ion binding / nucleus / cytosol / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
Tubulin-tyrosine ligase/Tubulin polyglutamylase / Tubulin-tyrosine ligase family / TTL domain profile. / Tubulin-beta mRNA autoregulation signal. / Alpha tubulin / Beta tubulin, autoregulation binding site / Beta tubulin / Tubulin / Tubulin, C-terminal / Tubulin C-terminal domain ...Tubulin-tyrosine ligase/Tubulin polyglutamylase / Tubulin-tyrosine ligase family / TTL domain profile. / Tubulin-beta mRNA autoregulation signal. / Alpha tubulin / Beta tubulin, autoregulation binding site / Beta tubulin / Tubulin / Tubulin, C-terminal / Tubulin C-terminal domain / Tubulin, conserved site / Tubulin subunits alpha, beta, and gamma signature. / Tubulin/FtsZ family, C-terminal domain / Tubulin/FtsZ-like, C-terminal domain / Tubulin/FtsZ, C-terminal / Tubulin/FtsZ, 2-layer sandwich domain / Tubulin/FtsZ family, GTPase domain / Tubulin/FtsZ family, GTPase domain / Tubulin/FtsZ, GTPase domain / Tubulin/FtsZ, GTPase domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL6 / Tubulin beta chain / Tubulin alpha-1B chain
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human) / Mus musculus (house mouse)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.6 Å
AuthorsMahalingan KK / Grotjahn D / Li Y / Lander GC / Zehr EA / Roll-Mecak A
Funding support United States, 1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIH/NINDS)ZO1 NS003163 United States
CitationJournal: Nat Chem Biol / Year: 2024
Title: Structural basis for α-tubulin-specific and modification state-dependent glutamylation.
Authors: Kishore K Mahalingan / Danielle A Grotjahn / Yan Li / Gabriel C Lander / Elena A Zehr / Antonina Roll-Mecak /
Abstract: Microtubules have spatiotemporally complex posttranslational modification patterns. Tubulin tyrosine ligase-like (TTLL) enzymes introduce the most prevalent modifications on α-tubulin and β-tubulin. ...Microtubules have spatiotemporally complex posttranslational modification patterns. Tubulin tyrosine ligase-like (TTLL) enzymes introduce the most prevalent modifications on α-tubulin and β-tubulin. How TTLLs specialize for specific substrate recognition and ultimately modification-pattern generation is largely unknown. TTLL6, a glutamylase implicated in ciliopathies, preferentially modifies tubulin α-tails in microtubules. Cryo-electron microscopy, kinetic analysis and single-molecule biochemistry reveal an unprecedented quadrivalent recognition that ensures simultaneous readout of microtubule geometry and posttranslational modification status. By binding to a β-tubulin subunit, TTLL6 modifies the α-tail of the longitudinally adjacent tubulin dimer. Spanning two tubulin dimers along and across protofilaments (PFs) ensures fidelity of recognition of both the α-tail and the microtubule. Moreover, TTLL6 reads out and is stimulated by glutamylation of the β-tail of the laterally adjacent tubulin dimer, mediating crosstalk between α-tail and β-tail. This positive feedback loop can generate localized microtubule glutamylation patterns. Our work uncovers general principles that generate tubulin chemical and topographic complexity.
History
DepositionJun 8, 2023-
Header (metadata) releaseMay 8, 2024-
Map releaseMay 8, 2024-
UpdateMay 8, 2024-
Current statusMay 8, 2024Processing site: RCSB / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_41018.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_41018.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 699 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
AnnotationMap of TTLL6 bound to alpha1B and betaI and betaIVb microtubules
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
1.15 Å/pix.
x 568 pix.
= 653.2 Å		1.15 Å/pix.
x 568 pix.
= 653.2 Å		1.15 Å/pix.
x 568 pix.
= 653.2 Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

Slices (1/2)

Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.15 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.01
Minimum - Maximum-0.004583602 - 2.1002111
Average (Standard dev.)0.00045120815 (±0.01583709)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions568568568
Spacing568568568
CellA=B=C: 653.2 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Mask #1

Fileemd_41018_msk_1.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Additional map: Map of TTLL6 bound to alpha1B and betaI...

Fileemd_41018_additional_1.map
AnnotationMap of TTLL6 bound to alpha1B and betaI and betaIVb microtubules that was not post-processes
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: Second half-map of TTLL6 bound to alpha1B and...

Fileemd_41018_half_map_1.map
AnnotationSecond half-map of TTLL6 bound to alpha1B and betaI and betaIVb microtubules
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: First half-map of TTLL6 bound to alpha1B and...

Fileemd_41018_half_map_2.map
AnnotationFirst half-map of TTLL6 bound to alpha1B and betaI and betaIVb microtubules
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Sample components

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Entire : TTLL6 bound to unmodified human microtubules

EntireName: TTLL6 bound to unmodified human microtubules
Components
  • Complex: TTLL6 bound to unmodified human microtubules
    • Complex: Tubulin alpha-1B chain, Tubulin betaI chain
      • Protein or peptide: Tubulin alpha-1B chain
      • Protein or peptide: Tubulin beta chain
    • Complex: Tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL6
      • Protein or peptide: Tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL6
  • Ligand: GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATEGuanosine triphosphate
  • Ligand: MAGNESIUM ION
  • Ligand: PHOSPHOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID GUANYLATE ESTER

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Supramolecule #1: TTLL6 bound to unmodified human microtubules

SupramoleculeName: TTLL6 bound to unmodified human microtubules / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#3
Details: Microtubules were decorated with TTLL6 on electron microscopy grids
Molecular weightTheoretical: 300 KDa

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Supramolecule #2: Tubulin alpha-1B chain, Tubulin betaI chain

SupramoleculeName: Tubulin alpha-1B chain, Tubulin betaI chain / type: complex / ID: 2 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #1-#2
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human) / Organ: kidney / Location in cell: cytoplasm

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Supramolecule #3: Tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL6

SupramoleculeName: Tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL6 / type: complex / ID: 3 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #3
Source (natural)Organism: Mus musculus (house mouse) / Location in cell: cytoplasm

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Macromolecule #1: Tubulin alpha-1B chain

MacromoleculeName: Tubulin alpha-1B chain / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Details: a-tubulin from tsA201 cell line / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human) / Organ: kidney / Tissue: kidney / Cell: Epithelial-like
Molecular weightTheoretical: 50.204445 KDa
SequenceString: MRECISIHVG QAGVQIGNAC WELYCLEHGI QPDGQMPSDK TIGGGDDSFN TFFSETGAGK HVPRAVFVDL EPTVIDEVRT GTYRQLFHP EQLITGKEDA ANNYARGHYT IGKEIIDLVL DRIRKLADQC TGLQGFLVFH SFGGGTGSGF TSLLMERLSV D YGKKSKLE ...String:
MRECISIHVG QAGVQIGNAC WELYCLEHGI QPDGQMPSDK TIGGGDDSFN TFFSETGAGK HVPRAVFVDL EPTVIDEVRT GTYRQLFHP EQLITGKEDA ANNYARGHYT IGKEIIDLVL DRIRKLADQC TGLQGFLVFH SFGGGTGSGF TSLLMERLSV D YGKKSKLE FSIYPAPQVS TAVVEPYNSI LTTHTTLEHS DCAFMVDNEA IYDICRRNLD IERPTYTNLN RLISQIVSSI TA SLRFDGA LNVDLTEFQT NLVPYPRIHF PLATYAPVIS AEKAYHEQLS VAEITNACFE PANQMVKCDP RHGKYMACCL LYR GDVVPK DVNAAIATIK TKRSIQFVDW CPTGFKVGIN YQPPTVVPGG DLAKVQRAVC MLSNTTAIAE AWARLDHKFD LMYA KRAFV HWYVGEGMEE GEFSEAREDM AALEKDYEEV GVDSVEGEGE EEGEEY

UniProtKB: Tubulin alpha-1B chain

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Macromolecule #2: Tubulin beta chain

MacromoleculeName: Tubulin beta chain / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human) / Organ: kidney / Tissue: kidney / Cell: Epithelial-like
Molecular weightTheoretical: 49.717629 KDa
SequenceString: MREIVHIQAG QCGNQIGAKF WEVISDEHGI DPTGTYHGDS DLQLDRISVY YNEATGGKYV PRAILVDLEP GTMDSVRSGP FGQIFRPDN FVFGQSGAGN NWAKGHYTEG AELVDSVLDV VRKEAESCDC LQGFQLTHSL GGGTGSGMGT LLISKIREEY P DRIMNTFS ...String:
MREIVHIQAG QCGNQIGAKF WEVISDEHGI DPTGTYHGDS DLQLDRISVY YNEATGGKYV PRAILVDLEP GTMDSVRSGP FGQIFRPDN FVFGQSGAGN NWAKGHYTEG AELVDSVLDV VRKEAESCDC LQGFQLTHSL GGGTGSGMGT LLISKIREEY P DRIMNTFS VVPSPKVSDT VVEPYNATLS VHQLVENTDE TYCIDNEALY DICFRTLKLT TPTYGDLNHL VSATMSGVTT CL RFPGQLN ADLRKLAVNM VPFPRLHFFM PGFAPLTSRG SQQYRALTVP ELTQQVFDAK NMMAACDPRH GRYLTVAAVF RGR MSMKEV DEQMLNVQNK NSSYFVEWIP NNVKTAVCDI PPRGLKMAVT FIGNSTAIQE LFKRISEQFT AMFRRKAFLH WYTG EGMDE MEFTEAESNM NDLVSEYQQY QDATAEEEED FGEEAEEEA

UniProtKB: Tubulin beta chain

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Macromolecule #3: Tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL6

MacromoleculeName: Tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL6 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
EC number: Ligases; Forming carbon-nitrogen bonds; Acid-amino-acid ligases (peptide synthases)
Source (natural)Organism: Mus musculus (house mouse)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 59.145621 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString: MLQCLTSESE EGAEEREESS TEDLEELKEF VTLAFVRENT QKRLQNAQQH GKKKRKKKRL VINLSNCRYD SVRRAAQQYG LREAGDNDD WTLYWTDYSV SLERVMEMKS YQKINHFPGM SEICRKDLLA RNMSRMLKLF PKDFHFFPRT WCLPADWGDL Q TYSRTRKN ...String:
MLQCLTSESE EGAEEREESS TEDLEELKEF VTLAFVRENT QKRLQNAQQH GKKKRKKKRL VINLSNCRYD SVRRAAQQYG LREAGDNDD WTLYWTDYSV SLERVMEMKS YQKINHFPGM SEICRKDLLA RNMSRMLKLF PKDFHFFPRT WCLPADWGDL Q TYSRTRKN KTYICKPDSG CQGRGIFITR SVKEIKPGED MICQLYISKP FIIDGFKFDL RVYVLVTSCD PLRVFVYNEG LA RFATTSY SHPNLDNLDE ICMHLTNYSI NKHSSNFVQD AFSGSKRKLS TFNSYMKTHG YDVEQIWRGI EDVIIKTLIS AHP VIKHNY HTCFPSHTLN SACFEILGFD ILLDRKLKPW LLEVNHSPSF STDSKLDKEV KDSLLYDALV LINLGNCDKK KVLE EERQR GRFLQQCPNR EIRLEEVKGF QAMRLQKTEE YEKKNCGGFR LIYPGLNLEK YDKFFQDNSS LFQNTVASRA RELYA RQLI QELRQKQEKK VFLKKARKA

UniProtKB: Tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL6

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Macromolecule #4: GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE

MacromoleculeName: GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / type: ligand / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 2 / Formula: GTP
Molecular weightTheoretical: 523.18 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-GTP:
GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / GTP, energy-carrying molecule*YM / Guanosine triphosphate

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Macromolecule #5: MAGNESIUM ION

MacromoleculeName: MAGNESIUM ION / type: ligand / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 4 / Formula: MG
Molecular weightTheoretical: 24.305 Da

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Macromolecule #6: PHOSPHOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID GUANYLATE ESTER

MacromoleculeName: PHOSPHOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID GUANYLATE ESTER / type: ligand / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 2 / Formula: G2P
Molecular weightTheoretical: 521.208 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-G2P:
PHOSPHOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID GUANYLATE ESTER / GMP-CPP, energy-carrying molecule analogue*YM

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation statefilament

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Sample preparation

Concentration0.1 mg/mL
BufferpH: 7
Component:
ConcentrationFormulaName
40.0 mMC8H18N2O4SHEPES
100.0 mMKClPotassium chloride
20.0 mMMgCl2Magnesium chloride
4.0 mMDTTDithiothreitol
20.0 uMATPAdenosine triphosphateAdenosine triphosphate
GridModel: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3 / Material: GOLD / Mesh: 300 / Support film - Material: GOLD / Support film - topology: HOLEY / Support film - Film thickness: 100 / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE / Pretreatment - Time: 30 sec. / Pretreatment - Atmosphere: AIR
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 303 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV
Details: The sample was blotted with Whatman #5 blotting paper on both sides of the grid for 3 s with a blot offset of -1 using a Vitrobot Mark IV (Thermo Fisher Scientific) with a chamber set to 30C ...Details: The sample was blotted with Whatman #5 blotting paper on both sides of the grid for 3 s with a blot offset of -1 using a Vitrobot Mark IV (Thermo Fisher Scientific) with a chamber set to 30C at 100% humidity and subsequently plunged into liquid ethane..
DetailsTTLL6 decoration of microtubule was heterogenous

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TALOS ARCTICA
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 200 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELDBright-field microscopy / Cs: 2.7 mm / Nominal defocus max: 2.0 µm / Nominal defocus min: 1.0 µm / Nominal magnification: 36000
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k) / Detector mode: COUNTING / Digitization - Frames/image: 1-39 / Number real images: 2771 / Average exposure time: 9.75 sec. / Average electron dose: 42.0 e/Å2
Experimental equipment
Model: Talos Arctica / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

Particle selectionNumber selected: 59044
Details: Due to highly heterogeneous TTLL6 decoration of microtubules microtubules were manually selected. 59044 overlapping segments with a box size of 568 pixels were extracted every 82 A
Startup modelType of model: OTHER
Details: synthetic microtubule references were generated in UCSF Chimera
Initial angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
Final reconstructionNumber classes used: 1 / Applied symmetry - Point group: C1 (asymmetric) / Algorithm: FOURIER SPACE / Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.6 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 392289
FSC plot (resolution estimation)

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Atomic model buiding 1

Initial model
PDB IDChain

5n5n

residue_range: 1-437, source_name: PDB, initial_model_type: experimental model

6vzu

chain_id: A, residue_range: 57-461, source_name: PDB, initial_model_type: experimental model
source_name: AlphaFold, initial_model_type: in silico model
RefinementSpace: REAL / Protocol: FLEXIBLE FIT / Target criteria: Cross-correlation
Output model

PDB-8t42:
Model of TTLL6 MTBH1-2 bound to microtubule

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