National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIH/NINDS)
ZO1 NS003163
United States
Citation
Journal: Nat Chem Biol / Year: 2024 Title: Structural basis for α-tubulin-specific and modification state-dependent glutamylation. Authors: Kishore K Mahalingan / Danielle A Grotjahn / Yan Li / Gabriel C Lander / Elena A Zehr / Antonina Roll-Mecak / Abstract: Microtubules have spatiotemporally complex posttranslational modification patterns. Tubulin tyrosine ligase-like (TTLL) enzymes introduce the most prevalent modifications on α-tubulin and β-tubulin. ...Microtubules have spatiotemporally complex posttranslational modification patterns. Tubulin tyrosine ligase-like (TTLL) enzymes introduce the most prevalent modifications on α-tubulin and β-tubulin. How TTLLs specialize for specific substrate recognition and ultimately modification-pattern generation is largely unknown. TTLL6, a glutamylase implicated in ciliopathies, preferentially modifies tubulin α-tails in microtubules. Cryo-electron microscopy, kinetic analysis and single-molecule biochemistry reveal an unprecedented quadrivalent recognition that ensures simultaneous readout of microtubule geometry and posttranslational modification status. By binding to a β-tubulin subunit, TTLL6 modifies the α-tail of the longitudinally adjacent tubulin dimer. Spanning two tubulin dimers along and across protofilaments (PFs) ensures fidelity of recognition of both the α-tail and the microtubule. Moreover, TTLL6 reads out and is stimulated by glutamylation of the β-tail of the laterally adjacent tubulin dimer, mediating crosstalk between α-tail and β-tail. This positive feedback loop can generate localized microtubule glutamylation patterns. Our work uncovers general principles that generate tubulin chemical and topographic complexity.
Supramolecule #1: TTLL6 bound to unmodified human microtubules
Supramolecule
Name: TTLL6 bound to unmodified human microtubules / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#3 Details: Microtubules were decorated with TTLL6 on electron microscopy grids
Model: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3 / Material: GOLD / Mesh: 300 / Support film - Material: GOLD / Support film - topology: HOLEY / Support film - Film thickness: 100 / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE / Pretreatment - Time: 30 sec. / Pretreatment - Atmosphere: AIR
Vitrification
Cryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 303 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV Details: The sample was blotted with Whatman #5 blotting paper on both sides of the grid for 3 s with a blot offset of -1 using a Vitrobot Mark IV (Thermo Fisher Scientific) with a chamber set to 30C ...Details: The sample was blotted with Whatman #5 blotting paper on both sides of the grid for 3 s with a blot offset of -1 using a Vitrobot Mark IV (Thermo Fisher Scientific) with a chamber set to 30C at 100% humidity and subsequently plunged into liquid ethane..
Details
TTLL6 decoration of microtubule was heterogenous
-
Electron microscopy
Microscope
FEI TALOS ARCTICA
Image recording
Film or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k) / Detector mode: COUNTING / Digitization - Frames/image: 1-39 / Number real images: 2771 / Average exposure time: 9.75 sec. / Average electron dose: 42.0 e/Å2
Electron beam
Acceleration voltage: 200 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Model: Talos Arctica / Image courtesy: FEI Company
+
Image processing
Particle selection
Number selected: 59044 Details: Due to highly heterogeneous TTLL6 decoration of microtubules microtubules were manually selected. 59044 overlapping segments with a box size of 568 pixels were extracted every 82 A
Startup model
Type of model: OTHER Details: synthetic microtubule references were generated in UCSF Chimera
Final reconstruction
Number classes used: 1 / Applied symmetry - Point group: C1 (asymmetric) / Algorithm: FOURIER SPACE / Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.6 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 392289
In the structure databanks used in Yorodumi, some data are registered as the other names, "COVID-19 virus" and "2019-nCoV". Here are the details of the virus and the list of structure data.
Jan 31, 2019. EMDB accession codes are about to change! (news from PDBe EMDB page)
EMDB accession codes are about to change! (news from PDBe EMDB page)
The allocation of 4 digits for EMDB accession codes will soon come to an end. Whilst these codes will remain in use, new EMDB accession codes will include an additional digit and will expand incrementally as the available range of codes is exhausted. The current 4-digit format prefixed with “EMD-” (i.e. EMD-XXXX) will advance to a 5-digit format (i.e. EMD-XXXXX), and so on. It is currently estimated that the 4-digit codes will be depleted around Spring 2019, at which point the 5-digit format will come into force.
The EM Navigator/Yorodumi systems omit the EMD- prefix.
Related info.:Q: What is EMD? / ID/Accession-code notation in Yorodumi/EM Navigator
Yorodumi is a browser for structure data from EMDB, PDB, SASBDB, etc.
This page is also the successor to EM Navigator detail page, and also detail information page/front-end page for Omokage search.
The word "yorodu" (or yorozu) is an old Japanese word meaning "ten thousand". "mi" (miru) is to see.
Related info.:EMDB / PDB / SASBDB / Comparison of 3 databanks / Yorodumi Search / Aug 31, 2016. New EM Navigator & Yorodumi / Yorodumi Papers / Jmol/JSmol / Function and homology information / Changes in new EM Navigator and Yorodumi