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- EMDB-39003: TUG-1375 and 4-CMTB-bound human FFA2 in complex with Gi -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-39003
TitleTUG-1375 and 4-CMTB-bound human FFA2 in complex with Gi
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: TUG-1375 and 4-CMTB-bound human FFA2 in complex with Gi
    • Complex: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
    • Complex: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Complex: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Complex: scFv16
      • Protein or peptide: scFv16
    • Complex: Free fatty acid receptor 2
      • Protein or peptide: Free fatty acid receptor 2
  • Ligand: (2R,4R)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-[4-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
  • Ligand: (2~{S})-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-~{N}-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)butanamide
KeywordsGPCR / MEMBRANE PROTEIN
Function / homology
Function and homology information


positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus / regulation of peptide hormone secretion / regulation of acute inflammatory response / leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response / mucosal immune response / Free fatty acid receptors / positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response / cell surface pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway / lipid storage / cellular response to fatty acid ...positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus / regulation of peptide hormone secretion / regulation of acute inflammatory response / leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response / mucosal immune response / Free fatty acid receptors / positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response / cell surface pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway / lipid storage / cellular response to fatty acid / fat cell differentiation / ligand-gated ion channel signaling pathway / adenylate cyclase inhibitor activity / positive regulation of protein localization to cell cortex / T cell migration / Adenylate cyclase inhibitory pathway / positive regulation of chemokine production / D2 dopamine receptor binding / response to prostaglandin E / adenylate cyclase regulator activity / G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway / cellular response to forskolin / regulation of mitotic spindle organization / positive regulation of interleukin-8 production / cell projection / Regulation of insulin secretion / positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process / negative regulation of insulin secretion / G protein-coupled receptor activity / G protein-coupled receptor binding / response to peptide hormone / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / positive regulation of insulin secretion / adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / centriolar satellite / G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / G-protein activation / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / photoreceptor disc membrane / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / GDP binding / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / G alpha (z) signalling events / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / GPER1 signaling / glucose homeostasis / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / G-protein beta-subunit binding / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / sensory perception of taste / extracellular vesicle / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / retina development in camera-type eye / G protein activity / GTPase binding / Ca2+ pathway / midbody / fibroblast proliferation / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / cell cortex / G alpha (i) signalling events / G alpha (s) signalling events / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G alpha (q) signalling events / Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement / Ras protein signal transduction / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / cell population proliferation / ciliary basal body / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / lysosomal membrane / cell division / GTPase activity / lipid binding / synapse
Similarity search - Function
G protein-coupled receptor 40-related receptor / G-protein alpha subunit, group I / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G protein alpha subunit / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain ...G protein-coupled receptor 40-related receptor / G-protein alpha subunit, group I / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G protein alpha subunit / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Free fatty acid receptor 2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human) / Mus musculus (house mouse)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.19 Å
AuthorsKugawa M / Kawakami K / Kise R / Kobayashi K / Kojima A / Inoue W / Fukuda M / Inoue A / Kato HE
Funding support Japan, 2 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)21H05142 Japan
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)21H04791 Japan
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2025
Title: Structural insights into lipid chain-length selectivity and allosteric regulation of FFA2.
Authors: Mai Kugawa / Kouki Kawakami / Ryoji Kise / Carl-Mikael Suomivuori / Masaki Tsujimura / Kazuhiro Kobayashi / Asato Kojima / Wakana J Inoue / Masahiro Fukuda / Toshiki E Matsui / Ayami ...Authors: Mai Kugawa / Kouki Kawakami / Ryoji Kise / Carl-Mikael Suomivuori / Masaki Tsujimura / Kazuhiro Kobayashi / Asato Kojima / Wakana J Inoue / Masahiro Fukuda / Toshiki E Matsui / Ayami Fukunaga / Junki Koyanagi / Suhyang Kim / Hisako Ikeda / Keitaro Yamashita / Keisuke Saito / Hiroshi Ishikita / Ron O Dror / Asuka Inoue / Hideaki E Kato /
Abstract: The free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that selectively recognizes short-chain fatty acids to regulate metabolic and immune functions. As a promising therapeutic ...The free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that selectively recognizes short-chain fatty acids to regulate metabolic and immune functions. As a promising therapeutic target, FFA2 has been the focus of intensive development of synthetic ligands. However, the mechanisms by which endogenous and synthetic ligands modulate FFA2 activity remain unclear. Here, we present the structures of the human FFA2-Gi complex activated by the synthetic orthosteric agonist TUG-1375 and the positive allosteric modulator/allosteric agonist 4-CMTB, along with the structure of the inactive FFA2 bound to the antagonist GLPG0974. Structural comparisons with FFA1 and mutational studies reveal how FFA2 selects specific fatty acid chain lengths. Moreover, our structures reveal that GLPG0974 functions as an allosteric antagonist by binding adjacent to the orthosteric pocket to block agonist binding, whereas 4-CMTB binds the outer surface of transmembrane helices 6 and 7 to directly activate the receptor. Supported by computational and functional studies, these insights illuminate diverse mechanisms of ligand action, paving the way for precise GPCR-targeted drug design.
History
DepositionFeb 3, 2024-
Header (metadata) releaseApr 2, 2025-
Map releaseApr 2, 2025-
UpdateApr 9, 2025-
Current statusApr 9, 2025Processing site: PDBj / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_39003.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 64 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 0.83 Å
Density
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.1
Minimum - Maximum-0.2523755 - 0.49687478
Average (Standard dev.)0.0015252203 (±0.015563209)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions256256256
Spacing256256256
CellA=B=C: 212.48 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Sample components

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Entire : TUG-1375 and 4-CMTB-bound human FFA2 in complex with Gi

EntireName: TUG-1375 and 4-CMTB-bound human FFA2 in complex with Gi
Components
  • Complex: TUG-1375 and 4-CMTB-bound human FFA2 in complex with Gi
    • Complex: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
    • Complex: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Complex: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Complex: scFv16
      • Protein or peptide: scFv16
    • Complex: Free fatty acid receptor 2
      • Protein or peptide: Free fatty acid receptor 2
  • Ligand: (2R,4R)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-[4-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
  • Ligand: (2~{S})-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-~{N}-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)butanamide

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Supramolecule #1: TUG-1375 and 4-CMTB-bound human FFA2 in complex with Gi

SupramoleculeName: TUG-1375 and 4-CMTB-bound human FFA2 in complex with Gi
type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#5
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Supramolecule #2: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1

SupramoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
type: complex / ID: 2 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #1
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Supramolecule #3: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

SupramoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: complex / ID: 3 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #2
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Supramolecule #4: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

SupramoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
type: complex / ID: 4 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #3
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Supramolecule #5: scFv16

SupramoleculeName: scFv16 / type: complex / ID: 5 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #4
Source (natural)Organism: Mus musculus (house mouse)

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Supramolecule #6: Free fatty acid receptor 2

SupramoleculeName: Free fatty acid receptor 2 / type: complex / ID: 6 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #5
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Macromolecule #1: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 40.415031 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
SequenceString: MGCTLSAEDK AAVERSKMID RNLREDGEKA AREVKLLLLG AGESGKSTIV KQMKIIHEAG YSEEECKQYK AVVYSNTIQS IIAIIRAMG RLKIDFGDSA RADDARQLFV LAGAAEEGFM TAELAGVIKR LWKDSGVQAC FNRSREYQLN DSAAYYLNDL D RIAQPNYI ...String:
MGCTLSAEDK AAVERSKMID RNLREDGEKA AREVKLLLLG AGESGKSTIV KQMKIIHEAG YSEEECKQYK AVVYSNTIQS IIAIIRAMG RLKIDFGDSA RADDARQLFV LAGAAEEGFM TAELAGVIKR LWKDSGVQAC FNRSREYQLN DSAAYYLNDL D RIAQPNYI PTQQDVLRTR VKTTGIVETH FTFKDLHFKM FDVGGQRSER KKWIHCFEGV TAIIFCVALS DYDLVLAEDE EM NRMHESM KLFDSICNNK WFTDTSIILF LNKKDLFEEK IKKSPLTICY PEYAGSNTYE EAAAYIQCQF EDLNKRKDTK EIY THFTCA TDTKNVQFVF DAVTDVIIKN NLKDCGLF

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1

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Macromolecule #2: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 39.286891 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
SequenceString: HHHHHHLEVL FQGPGSSGSE LDQLRQEAEQ LKNQIRDARK ACADATLSQI TNNIDPVGRI QMRTRRTLRG HLAKIYAMHW GTDSRLLVS ASQDGKLIIW DSYTTNKVHA IPLRSSWVMT CAYAPSGNYV ACGGLDNICS IYNLKTREGN VRVSRELAGH T GYLSCCRF ...String:
HHHHHHLEVL FQGPGSSGSE LDQLRQEAEQ LKNQIRDARK ACADATLSQI TNNIDPVGRI QMRTRRTLRG HLAKIYAMHW GTDSRLLVS ASQDGKLIIW DSYTTNKVHA IPLRSSWVMT CAYAPSGNYV ACGGLDNICS IYNLKTREGN VRVSRELAGH T GYLSCCRF LDDNQIVTSS GDTTCALWDI ETGQQTTTFT GHTGDVMSLS LAPDTRLFVS GACDASAKLW DVREGMCRQT FT GHESDIN AICFFPNGNA FATGSDDATC RLFDLRADQE LMTYSHDNII CGITSVSFSK SGRLLLAGYD DFNCNVWDAL KAD RAGVLA GHDNRVSCLG VTDDGMAVAT GSWDSFLKIW N

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

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Macromolecule #3: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 7.861143 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
SequenceString:
MASNNTASIA QARKLVEQLK MEANIDRIKV SKAAADLMAY CEAHAKEDPL LTPVPASENP FREKKFFCAI L

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

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Macromolecule #4: scFv16

MacromoleculeName: scFv16 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Mus musculus (house mouse)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 27.784896 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
SequenceString: DVQLVESGGG LVQPGGSRKL SCSASGFAFS SFGMHWVRQA PEKGLEWVAY ISSGSGTIYY ADTVKGRFTI SRDDPKNTLF LQMTSLRSE DTAMYYCVRS IYYYGSSPFD FWGQGTTLTV SSGGGGSGGG GSGGGGSDIV MTQATSSVPV TPGESVSISC R SSKSLLHS ...String:
DVQLVESGGG LVQPGGSRKL SCSASGFAFS SFGMHWVRQA PEKGLEWVAY ISSGSGTIYY ADTVKGRFTI SRDDPKNTLF LQMTSLRSE DTAMYYCVRS IYYYGSSPFD FWGQGTTLTV SSGGGGSGGG GSGGGGSDIV MTQATSSVPV TPGESVSISC R SSKSLLHS NGNTYLYWFL QRPGQSPQLL IYRMSNLASG VPDRFSGSGS GTAFTLTISR LEAEDVGVYY CMQHLEYPLT FG AGTKLEL KAAAHHHHHH HH

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Macromolecule #5: Free fatty acid receptor 2

MacromoleculeName: Free fatty acid receptor 2 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 40.919961 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: MKTIIALSYI FCLVFADYKD DDDAENLYFQ GMLPDWKSSL ILMAYIIIFL TGLPANLLAL RAFVGRIRQP QPAPVHILLL SLTLADLLL LLLLPFKIIE AASNFRWYLP KVVCALTSFG FYSSIYCSTW LLAGISIERY LGVAFPVQYK LSRRPLYGVI A ALVAWVMS ...String:
MKTIIALSYI FCLVFADYKD DDDAENLYFQ GMLPDWKSSL ILMAYIIIFL TGLPANLLAL RAFVGRIRQP QPAPVHILLL SLTLADLLL LLLLPFKIIE AASNFRWYLP KVVCALTSFG FYSSIYCSTW LLAGISIERY LGVAFPVQYK LSRRPLYGVI A ALVAWVMS FGHCTIVIIV QYLNTTEQVR SGNEITCYEN FTDNQLDVVL PVRLELCLVL FFIPMAVTIF CYWRFVWIML SQ PLVGAQR RRRAVGLAVV TLLNFLVCFG PYNVSHLVGY HQRKSPWWRS IAVVFSSLNA SLDPLLFYFS SSVVRRAFGR GLQ VLRNQG SSLLGRRGKD TAEGTNEDRG VGQGEGMPSS LEVLFQ

UniProtKB: Free fatty acid receptor 2

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Macromolecule #6: (2R,4R)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-[4-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)phe...

MacromoleculeName: (2R,4R)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-[4-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
type: ligand / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: 9UJ
Molecular weightTheoretical: 442.915 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-9UJ:
(2R,4R)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-[4-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)phenyl]carbonyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid

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Macromolecule #7: (2~{S})-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-~{N}-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)butanamide

MacromoleculeName: (2~{S})-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-~{N}-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)butanamide
type: ligand / ID: 7 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: A1LYC
Molecular weightTheoretical: 294.8 Da

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 7.5
GridModel: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3 / Material: GOLD / Mesh: 300 / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TITAN KRIOS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 45.579 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: OTHER / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1.6 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.8 µm
Sample stageCooling holder cryogen: NITROGEN
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

Startup modelType of model: NONE
Final reconstructionApplied symmetry - Point group: C1 (asymmetric) / Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.19 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 256705
Initial angle assignmentType: NOT APPLICABLE
Final angle assignmentType: NOT APPLICABLE

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