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- PDB-8y6y: GLPG0974-bound human FFA2 -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 8y6y
TitleGLPG0974-bound human FFA2
ComponentsFree fatty acid receptor 2,Soluble cytochrome b562
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / GPCR
Function / homology
Function and homology information


positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus / regulation of peptide hormone secretion / regulation of acute inflammatory response / leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response / mucosal immune response / Free fatty acid receptors / positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response / cell surface pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway / lipid storage / cellular response to fatty acid ...positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus / regulation of peptide hormone secretion / regulation of acute inflammatory response / leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response / mucosal immune response / Free fatty acid receptors / positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response / cell surface pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway / lipid storage / cellular response to fatty acid / fat cell differentiation / ligand-gated ion channel signaling pathway / negative regulation of insulin secretion / positive regulation of chemokine production / cell projection / positive regulation of interleukin-8 production / electron transport chain / G protein-coupled receptor activity / positive regulation of insulin secretion / glucose homeostasis / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G alpha (q) signalling events / periplasmic space / electron transfer activity / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / iron ion binding / lipid binding / heme binding / plasma membrane
Similarity search - Function
G protein-coupled receptor 40-related receptor / Cytochrome b562 / Cytochrome b562 / Cytochrome c/b562 / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)
Similarity search - Domain/homology
: / Free fatty acid receptor 2 / Soluble cytochrome b562
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.36 Å
AuthorsKugawa, M. / Kawakami, K. / Kise, R. / Kobayashi, K. / Kojima, A. / Inoue, W. / Fukuda, M. / Inoue, A. / Kato, H.E.
Funding support Japan, 2items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)21H05142 Japan
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)21H04791 Japan
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2025
Title: Structural insights into lipid chain-length selectivity and allosteric regulation of FFA2.
Authors: Mai Kugawa / Kouki Kawakami / Ryoji Kise / Carl-Mikael Suomivuori / Masaki Tsujimura / Kazuhiro Kobayashi / Asato Kojima / Wakana J Inoue / Masahiro Fukuda / Toshiki E Matsui / Ayami ...Authors: Mai Kugawa / Kouki Kawakami / Ryoji Kise / Carl-Mikael Suomivuori / Masaki Tsujimura / Kazuhiro Kobayashi / Asato Kojima / Wakana J Inoue / Masahiro Fukuda / Toshiki E Matsui / Ayami Fukunaga / Junki Koyanagi / Suhyang Kim / Hisako Ikeda / Keitaro Yamashita / Keisuke Saito / Hiroshi Ishikita / Ron O Dror / Asuka Inoue / Hideaki E Kato /
Abstract: The free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that selectively recognizes short-chain fatty acids to regulate metabolic and immune functions. As a promising therapeutic ...The free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that selectively recognizes short-chain fatty acids to regulate metabolic and immune functions. As a promising therapeutic target, FFA2 has been the focus of intensive development of synthetic ligands. However, the mechanisms by which endogenous and synthetic ligands modulate FFA2 activity remain unclear. Here, we present the structures of the human FFA2-Gi complex activated by the synthetic orthosteric agonist TUG-1375 and the positive allosteric modulator/allosteric agonist 4-CMTB, along with the structure of the inactive FFA2 bound to the antagonist GLPG0974. Structural comparisons with FFA1 and mutational studies reveal how FFA2 selects specific fatty acid chain lengths. Moreover, our structures reveal that GLPG0974 functions as an allosteric antagonist by binding adjacent to the orthosteric pocket to block agonist binding, whereas 4-CMTB binds the outer surface of transmembrane helices 6 and 7 to directly activate the receptor. Supported by computational and functional studies, these insights illuminate diverse mechanisms of ligand action, paving the way for precise GPCR-targeted drug design.
History
DepositionFeb 3, 2024Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBJ
Revision 1.0Apr 2, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 2, 2025Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 2, 2025Data content type: FSC / Data content type: FSC / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Free fatty acid receptor 2,Soluble cytochrome b562
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)49,4292
Polymers48,9441
Non-polymers4851
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

#1: Protein Free fatty acid receptor 2,Soluble cytochrome b562 / G-protein coupled receptor 43 / Cytochrome b-562


Mass: 48943.805 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: FFAR2, FFA2, GPCR43, GPR43, cybC / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: O15552, UniProt: P0ABE7
#2: Chemical ChemComp-A1LYD / 4-[[(2~{R})-1-(1-benzothiophen-3-ylcarbonyl)-2-methyl-azetidin-2-yl]carbonyl-[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]amino]butanoic acid


Mass: 484.995 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C25H25ClN2O4S / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: GLPG0974-bound human FFA2 / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightExperimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportGrid material: GOLD / Grid mesh size: 300 divisions/in. / Grid type: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: OTHER
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1600 nm / Nominal defocus min: 800 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 45.589 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k)

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Processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.36 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 76538 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementHighest resolution: 3.36 Å

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