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- EMDB-31457: Cryo-EM structure of afamelanotide-MC4R-Gs_Nb35 complex -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-31457
TitleCryo-EM structure of afamelanotide-MC4R-Gs_Nb35 complex
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: Complex of afamelanotide bound MC4R-Gs protein
    • Complex: Dominant Negative Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms
      • Protein or peptide: Isoform Gnas-2 of Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
    • Complex: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Complex: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Complex: Nanobody35
      • Protein or peptide: Nanobody35
    • Complex: melanocrotin-4 receptor
      • Protein or peptide: Melanocortin receptor 4
    • Complex: afamelanotide
      • Protein or peptide: afamelanotide
  • Ligand: CALCIUM ION
  • Ligand: water
Keywordssingle particle / membrane protein / Class A G-protein-coupled receptors
Function / homology
Function and homology information


regulation of eating behavior / response to melanocyte-stimulating hormone / melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity / melanocortin receptor activity / neuropeptide binding / positive regulation of bone resorption / feeding behavior / insulin secretion / regulation of metabolic process / response to food ...regulation of eating behavior / response to melanocyte-stimulating hormone / melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity / melanocortin receptor activity / neuropeptide binding / positive regulation of bone resorption / feeding behavior / insulin secretion / regulation of metabolic process / response to food / Transcriptional and post-translational regulation of MITF-M expression and activity / Peptide ligand-binding receptors / response to insulin / adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G-protein activation / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / photoreceptor disc membrane / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / G alpha (z) signalling events / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / GPER1 signaling / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / G-protein beta-subunit binding / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / sensory perception of taste / extracellular vesicle / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / retina development in camera-type eye / GTPase binding / Ca2+ pathway / fibroblast proliferation / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / G alpha (i) signalling events / G alpha (s) signalling events / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G alpha (q) signalling events / Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement / Ras protein signal transduction / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / cell population proliferation / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / lysosomal membrane / GTPase activity / synapse / ubiquitin protein ligase binding / protein-containing complex binding / signal transduction / extracellular exosome / membrane / plasma membrane / cytoplasm / cytosol
Similarity search - Function
Melanocortin 4 receptor / Melanocortin receptor 3-5 / Melanocortin/ACTH receptor / Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srsx / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs ...Melanocortin 4 receptor / Melanocortin receptor 3-5 / Melanocortin/ACTH receptor / Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srsx / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Melanocortin receptor 4 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Isoform Gnas-2 of Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human) / synthetic construct (others)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.0 Å
AuthorsZhang H / Chen L
CitationJournal: Cell Res / Year: 2021
Title: Structural insights into ligand recognition and activation of the melanocortin-4 receptor.
Authors: Huibing Zhang / Li-Nan Chen / Dehua Yang / Chunyou Mao / Qingya Shen / Wenbo Feng / Dan-Dan Shen / Antao Dai / Shanshan Xie / Yan Zhou / Jiao Qin / Jin-Peng Sun / Daniel H Scharf / Tingjun ...Authors: Huibing Zhang / Li-Nan Chen / Dehua Yang / Chunyou Mao / Qingya Shen / Wenbo Feng / Dan-Dan Shen / Antao Dai / Shanshan Xie / Yan Zhou / Jiao Qin / Jin-Peng Sun / Daniel H Scharf / Tingjun Hou / Tianhua Zhou / Ming-Wei Wang / Yan Zhang /
Abstract: Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) plays a central role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Its high sequence similarity to other MC receptor family members, low agonist selectivity and the lack of ...Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) plays a central role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Its high sequence similarity to other MC receptor family members, low agonist selectivity and the lack of structural information concerning MC4R-specific activation have hampered the development of MC4R-seletive therapeutics to treat obesity. Here, we report four high-resolution structures of full-length MC4R in complex with the heterotrimeric G protein stimulated by the endogenous peptide ligand α-MSH, FDA-approved drugs afamelanotide (Scenesse™) and bremelanotide (Vyleesi™), and a selective small-molecule ligand THIQ, respectively. Together with pharmacological studies, our results reveal the conserved binding mode of peptidic agonists, the distinctive molecular details of small-molecule agonist recognition underlying receptor subtype selectivity, and a distinct activation mechanism for MC4R, thereby offering new insights into G protein coupling. Our work may facilitate the discovery of selective therapeutic agents targeting MC4R.
History
DepositionJun 21, 2021-
Header (metadata) releaseNov 3, 2021-
Map releaseNov 3, 2021-
UpdateJul 2, 2025-
Current statusJul 2, 2025Processing site: PDBj / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Movie
  • Surface view with section colored by density value
  • Surface level: 0.025
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
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  • Surface view colored by height
  • Surface level: 0.025
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
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  • Surface view with fitted model
  • Atomic models: PDB-7f54
  • Surface level: 0.025
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
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Movie viewer
Structure viewerEM map:
SurfViewMolmilJmol/JSmol
Supplemental images

emd_31457.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_31457.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 27 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
1.01 Å/pix.
x 192 pix.
= 194.688 Å		1.01 Å/pix.
x 192 pix.
= 194.688 Å		1.01 Å/pix.
x 192 pix.
= 194.688 Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

Slices (1/2)

Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.014 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.02 / Movie #1: 0.025
Minimum - Maximum-0.19066097 - 0.29439247
Average (Standard dev.)-0.000080871505 (±0.0071432185)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions192192192
Spacing192192192
CellA=B=C: 194.68802 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

CCP4 map header:

modeImage stored as Reals
Å/pix. X/Y/Z1.0141.0141.014
M x/y/z192192192
origin x/y/z0.0000.0000.000
length x/y/z194.688194.688194.688
α/β/γ90.00090.00090.000
start NX/NY/NZ000
NX/NY/NZ364364364
MAP C/R/S123
start NC/NR/NS000
NC/NR/NS192192192
D min/max/mean-0.1910.294-0.000

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Supplemental data

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Sample components

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Entire : Complex of afamelanotide bound MC4R-Gs protein

EntireName: Complex of afamelanotide bound MC4R-Gs protein
Components
  • Complex: Complex of afamelanotide bound MC4R-Gs protein
    • Complex: Dominant Negative Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms
      • Protein or peptide: Isoform Gnas-2 of Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
    • Complex: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Complex: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Complex: Nanobody35
      • Protein or peptide: Nanobody35
    • Complex: melanocrotin-4 receptor
      • Protein or peptide: Melanocortin receptor 4
    • Complex: afamelanotide
      • Protein or peptide: afamelanotide
  • Ligand: CALCIUM ION
  • Ligand: water

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Supramolecule #1: Complex of afamelanotide bound MC4R-Gs protein

SupramoleculeName: Complex of afamelanotide bound MC4R-Gs protein / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#6 / Details: afamelanotide MC4R Gs protein Nanobody35
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 180 KDa

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Supramolecule #2: Dominant Negative Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit...

SupramoleculeName: Dominant Negative Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms
type: complex / ID: 2 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #1
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Supramolecule #3: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

SupramoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: complex / ID: 3 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #2
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Supramolecule #4: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

SupramoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
type: complex / ID: 4 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #3
Source (natural)Organism: synthetic construct (others)

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Supramolecule #5: Nanobody35

SupramoleculeName: Nanobody35 / type: complex / ID: 5 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #4
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Supramolecule #6: melanocrotin-4 receptor

SupramoleculeName: melanocrotin-4 receptor / type: complex / ID: 6 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #5

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Supramolecule #7: afamelanotide

SupramoleculeName: afamelanotide / type: complex / ID: 7 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #6

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Macromolecule #1: Isoform Gnas-2 of Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit...

MacromoleculeName: Isoform Gnas-2 of Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 44.284074 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MGCLGNSKTE DQRNEEKAQR EANKKIEKQL QKDKQVYRAT HRLLLLGAGE SGKNTIVKQM RILHVNGFNG DSEKATKVQD IKNNLKEAI ETIVAAMSNL VPPVELANPE NQFRVDYILS VMNVPDFDFP PEFYEHAKAL WEDEGVRACY ERSNEYQLID C AQYFLDKI ...String:
MGCLGNSKTE DQRNEEKAQR EANKKIEKQL QKDKQVYRAT HRLLLLGAGE SGKNTIVKQM RILHVNGFNG DSEKATKVQD IKNNLKEAI ETIVAAMSNL VPPVELANPE NQFRVDYILS VMNVPDFDFP PEFYEHAKAL WEDEGVRACY ERSNEYQLID C AQYFLDKI DVIKQADYVP SDQDLLRCRV LTSGIFETKF QVDKVNFHMF DVGAQRDERR KWIQCFNDVT AIIFVVASSS YN MVIREDN QTNRLQAALK LFDSIWNNKW LRDTSVILFL NKQDLLAEKV LAGKSKIEDY FPEFARYTTP EDATPEPGED PRV TRAKYF IRDEFLRIST ASGDGRHYCY PHFTCAVDTE NIRRVFNDCR DIIQRMHLRQ YELL

UniProtKB: Isoform Gnas-2 of Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short

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Macromolecule #2: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 41.729582 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MHHHHHHLEV LFQGPGSSGS ELDQLRQEAE QLKNQIRDAR KACADATLSQ ITNNIDPVGR IQMRTRRTLR GHLAKIYAMH WGTDSRLLV SASQDGKLII WDSYTTNKVH AIPLRSSWVM TCAYAPSGNY VACGGLDNIC SIYNLKTREG NVRVSRELAG H TGYLSCCR ...String:
MHHHHHHLEV LFQGPGSSGS ELDQLRQEAE QLKNQIRDAR KACADATLSQ ITNNIDPVGR IQMRTRRTLR GHLAKIYAMH WGTDSRLLV SASQDGKLII WDSYTTNKVH AIPLRSSWVM TCAYAPSGNY VACGGLDNIC SIYNLKTREG NVRVSRELAG H TGYLSCCR FLDDNQIVTS SGDTTCALWD IETGQQTTTF TGHTGDVMSL SLAPDTRLFV SGACDASAKL WDVREGMCRQ TF TGHESDI NAICFFPNGN AFATGSDDAT CRLFDLRADQ ELMTYSHDNI ICGITSVSFS KSGRLLLAGY DDFNCNVWDA LKA DRAGVL AGHDNRVSCL GVTDDGMAVA TGSWDSFLKI WNGSSGGGGS GGGGSSGVSG WRLFKKIS

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

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Macromolecule #3: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 7.861143 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString:
MASNNTASIA QARKLVEQLK MEANIDRIKV SKAAADLMAY CEAHAKEDPL LTPVPASENP FREKKFFCAI L

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

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Macromolecule #4: Nanobody35

MacromoleculeName: Nanobody35 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: synthetic construct (others)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 13.711284 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
QVQLQESGGG LVQPGGSLRL SCAASGFTFS NYKMNWVRQA PGKGLEWVSD ISQSGASISY TGSVKGRFTI SRDNAKNTLY LQMNSLKPE DTAVYYCARC PAPFTRDCFD VTSTTYAYRG QGTQVTV

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Macromolecule #5: Melanocortin receptor 4

MacromoleculeName: Melanocortin receptor 4 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 56.053156 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: GPMVNSTHRG MHTSLHLWNR SSYRLHSNAS ESLGKGYSDG GCYEQLFVSP EVFVTLGVIS LLENILVIVA IAKNKNLHSP MYFFICSLA VADMLVSVSN GSETIVITLL NSTDTDAQSF TVNIDNVIDS VICSSLLASI CSLLSIAVDR YFTIFYALQY H NIMTVKRV ...String:
GPMVNSTHRG MHTSLHLWNR SSYRLHSNAS ESLGKGYSDG GCYEQLFVSP EVFVTLGVIS LLENILVIVA IAKNKNLHSP MYFFICSLA VADMLVSVSN GSETIVITLL NSTDTDAQSF TVNIDNVIDS VICSSLLASI CSLLSIAVDR YFTIFYALQY H NIMTVKRV GIIISCIWAA CTVSGILFII YSDSSAVIIC LITMFFTMLA LMASLYVHMF LMARLHIKRI AVLPGTGAIR QG ANMKGAI TLTILIGVFV VCWAPFFLHL IFYISCPQNP YCVCFMSHFN LYLILIMCNS IIDPLIYALR SQELRKTFKE IIC CYPLGG LCDLSSRYGG SGGSVFTLED FVGDWEQTAA YNLDQVLEQG GVSSLLQNLA VSVTPIQRIV RSGENALKID IHVI IPYEG LSADQMAQIE EVFKVVYPVD DHHFKVILPY GTLVIDGVTP NMLNYFGRPY EGIAVFDGKK ITVTGTLWNG NKIID ERLI TPDGSMLFRV TINSGGSLEV LFQ

UniProtKB: Melanocortin receptor 4

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Macromolecule #6: afamelanotide

MacromoleculeName: afamelanotide / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: synthetic construct (others)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 1.634855 KDa
SequenceString:
(ACE)SYS(NLE)EH(DPN)RW GKPV

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Macromolecule #7: CALCIUM ION

MacromoleculeName: CALCIUM ION / type: ligand / ID: 7 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: CA
Molecular weightTheoretical: 40.078 Da

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Macromolecule #8: water

MacromoleculeName: water / type: ligand / ID: 8 / Number of copies: 4 / Formula: HOH
Molecular weightTheoretical: 18.015 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

Concentration4 mg/mL
BufferpH: 7.5
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TITAN KRIOS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k) / Detector mode: COUNTING / Average electron dose: 62.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Startup modelType of model: EMDB MAP
EMDB ID:

0410

Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.0 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 217491
Initial angle assignmentType: RANDOM ASSIGNMENT
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD

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