translation at presynapse / embryonic brain development / exit from mitosis / eukaryotic 80S initiation complex / negative regulation of protein neddylation / negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response / oxidized pyrimidine DNA binding / response to TNF agonist / regulation of G1 to G0 transition / positive regulation of base-excision repair ...translation at presynapse / embryonic brain development / exit from mitosis / eukaryotic 80S initiation complex / negative regulation of protein neddylation / negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response / oxidized pyrimidine DNA binding / response to TNF agonist / regulation of G1 to G0 transition / positive regulation of base-excision repair / axial mesoderm development / negative regulation of formation of translation preinitiation complex / regulation of translation involved in cellular response to UV / positive regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response / ribosomal protein import into nucleus / optic nerve development / positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage / positive regulation of gastrulation / regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / protein-DNA complex disassembly / protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity / 90S preribosome assembly / IRE1-RACK1-PP2A complex / positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity / nucleolus organization / positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport / positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator / retinal ganglion cell axon guidance / TNFR1-mediated ceramide production / negative regulation of RNA splicing / negative regulation of DNA repair / GAIT complex / A band / positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator / TORC2 complex binding / supercoiled DNA binding / alpha-beta T cell differentiation / neural crest cell differentiation / G1 to G0 transition / positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity / NF-kappaB complex / cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process / oxidized purine DNA binding / negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide / negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly / regulation of establishment of cell polarity / ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme binding / middle ear morphogenesis / negative regulation of phagocytosis / Formation of the ternary complex, and subsequently, the 43S complex / rRNA modification in the nucleus and cytosol / erythrocyte homeostasis / cytoplasmic side of rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane / laminin receptor activity / negative regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity / ion channel inhibitor activity / protein kinase A binding / Ribosomal scanning and start codon recognition / pigmentation / homeostatic process / response to aldosterone / Translation initiation complex formation / positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization / positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway / macrophage chemotaxis / fibroblast growth factor binding / negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway / lung morphogenesis / positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation / monocyte chemotaxis / negative regulation of translational frameshifting / Protein hydroxylation / TOR signaling / BH3 domain binding / SARS-CoV-1 modulates host translation machinery / regulation of cell division / cellular response to ethanol / mTORC1-mediated signalling / iron-sulfur cluster binding / Peptide chain elongation / Selenocysteine synthesis / Formation of a pool of free 40S subunits / positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator / endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 3'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) / ubiquitin ligase inhibitor activity / Eukaryotic Translation Termination / positive regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator / Response of EIF2AK4 (GCN2) to amino acid deficiency / SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane / negative regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process / blastocyst development / cellular response to actinomycin D / protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity / Viral mRNA Translation / negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response / Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) independent of the Exon Junction Complex (EJC) / GTP hydrolysis and joining of the 60S ribosomal subunit / protein localization to nucleus / L13a-mediated translational silencing of Ceruloplasmin expression / Major pathway of rRNA processing in the nucleolus and cytosol Similarity search - Function
40S ribosomal protein SA / 40S ribosomal protein SA, C-terminal domain / 40S ribosomal protein SA C-terminus / Ribosomal protein L6, N-terminal / Ribosomal protein L6, N-terminal domain / Ubiquitin-like protein FUBI / Ribosomal protein L30e / Ribosomal protein L28e / Ribosomal L15/L27a, N-terminal / Ribosomal protein L23 ...40S ribosomal protein SA / 40S ribosomal protein SA, C-terminal domain / 40S ribosomal protein SA C-terminus / Ribosomal protein L6, N-terminal / Ribosomal protein L6, N-terminal domain / Ubiquitin-like protein FUBI / Ribosomal protein L30e / Ribosomal protein L28e / Ribosomal L15/L27a, N-terminal / Ribosomal protein L23 / Ribosomal L28e/Mak16 / Ribosomal L28e protein family / metallochaperone-like domain / TRASH domain / : / Ribosomal protein S26e signature. / Ribosomal protein L41 / Ribosomal protein L41 / Ribosomal protein S21e, conserved site / Ribosomal protein S21e signature. / Ribosomal protein S26e / Ribosomal protein L1, conserved site / Ribosomal protein S26e superfamily / Ribosomal protein S26e / : / Ribosomal protein S12e signature. / Ribosomal protein L1 signature. / Ribosomal protein L1 / Ribosomal protein S12e / Ribosomal protein L29e / Ribosomal L29e protein family / Ribosomal protein S19e, conserved site / Ribosomal protein S19e signature. / Ribosomal protein L13e, conserved site / Ribosomal protein L13e signature. / Ribosomal protein S5, eukaryotic/archaeal / Small (40S) ribosomal subunit Asc1/RACK1 / Ribosomal protein S21e / Ribosomal protein S21e superfamily / Ribosomal protein S21e / Ribosomal protein S2, eukaryotic / S27a-like superfamily / Ribosomal protein L22e / Ribosomal protein L22e superfamily / Ribosomal L22e protein family / Ribosomal protein L27e, conserved site / Ribosomal protein L27e signature. / Ribosomal protein L10e, conserved site / Ribosomal protein L10e signature. / Ribosomal protein L10e / Ribosomal protein L38e / Ribosomal protein L38e superfamily / Ribosomal L38e protein family / 40S Ribosomal protein S10 / : / Ribosomal protein S7e signature. / Ribosomal protein L44e signature. / Ribosomal protein L1, 3-layer alpha/beta-sandwich / Ribosomal protein L24e, conserved site / Ribosomal protein L24e signature. / Plectin/S10, N-terminal / Plectin/S10 domain / : / Ribosomal protein L19/L19e conserved site / Ribosomal protein L19, eukaryotic / Ribosomal protein L19e signature. / Ribosomal protein L6e signature. / Ribosomal protein S10, eukaryotic/archaeal / Ribosomal protein L13e / Ribosomal protein L13e / Ribosomal protein S8e subdomain, eukaryotes / 60S ribosomal protein L18a/ L20, eukaryotes / Ribosomal protein S17e, conserved site / : / Ribosomal protein S17e signature. / Ribosomal protein S25 / S25 ribosomal protein / Ribosomal protein S27a / Ribosomal protein S27a / Ribosomal protein S27a / Ribosomal protein S3Ae, conserved site / Ribosomal protein S3Ae signature. / Ribosomal protein L44e / Ribosomal protein L44 / Ribosomal protein S30 / Ribosomal protein S30 / Ribosomal protein S2, eukaryotic/archaeal / Ribosomal protein L34e, conserved site / Ribosomal protein L34e signature. / Ribosomal protein L5 eukaryotic, C-terminal / Ribosomal L18 C-terminal region / Ribosomal protein L30e signature 1. / Ribosomal protein 60S L18 and 50S L18e / 50S ribosomal protein L18Ae/60S ribosomal protein L20 and L18a / Ribosomal protein S27e signature. / 40S ribosomal protein S29/30S ribosomal protein S14 type Z / Ribosomal protein L23/L25, N-terminal / Ribosomal protein 50S-L18Ae/60S-L20/60S-L18A / Ribosomal proteins 50S-L18Ae/60S-L20/60S-L18A / Ribosomal protein L23, N-terminal domain Similarity search - Domain/homology
Ribosomal protein L36a / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS17 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS2 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS5 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL33 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL30 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL22 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS3 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS12 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL13 ...Ribosomal protein L36a / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS17 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS2 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS5 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL33 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL30 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL22 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS3 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS12 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL13 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL16 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL6 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL22 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL4 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS19 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL3 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL13 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS27 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL29 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL15 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL18 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL21 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL28 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS4 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS7 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS10 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL29 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL34 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL14 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS10 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS1 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL24 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL15 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL27 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL43 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL37 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS7 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS8 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS8 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS9 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS11 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS13 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS14 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS15 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS17 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL8 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS4, X isoform / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL23 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS6 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL14 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS19 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS24 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS25 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS26 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS28 / Ubiquitin-like FUBI-ribosomal protein eS30 fusion protein / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL30 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL39 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL31 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL1 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL32 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL5 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS32 / Ubiquitin-ribosomal protein eS31 fusion protein / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL38 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS21 / Small ribosomal subunit protein RACK1 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL24 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL19 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL20 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL6 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL18 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL36 Similarity search - Component
Biological species
Homo sapiens (human)
Method
single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.29 Å
Journal: Nature / Year: 2023 Title: mRNA decoding in human is kinetically and structurally distinct from bacteria. Authors: Mikael Holm / S Kundhavai Natchiar / Emily J Rundlet / Alexander G Myasnikov / Zoe L Watson / Roger B Altman / Hao-Yuan Wang / Jack Taunton / Scott C Blanchard / Abstract: In all species, ribosomes synthesize proteins by faithfully decoding messenger RNA (mRNA) nucleotide sequences using aminoacyl-tRNA substrates. Current knowledge of the decoding mechanism derives ...In all species, ribosomes synthesize proteins by faithfully decoding messenger RNA (mRNA) nucleotide sequences using aminoacyl-tRNA substrates. Current knowledge of the decoding mechanism derives principally from studies on bacterial systems. Although key features are conserved across evolution, eukaryotes achieve higher-fidelity mRNA decoding than bacteria. In human, changes in decoding fidelity are linked to ageing and disease and represent a potential point of therapeutic intervention in both viral and cancer treatment. Here we combine single-molecule imaging and cryogenic electron microscopy methods to examine the molecular basis of human ribosome fidelity to reveal that the decoding mechanism is both kinetically and structurally distinct from that of bacteria. Although decoding is globally analogous in both species, the reaction coordinate of aminoacyl-tRNA movement is altered on the human ribosome and the process is an order of magnitude slower. These distinctions arise from eukaryote-specific structural elements in the human ribosome and in the elongation factor eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) that together coordinate faithful tRNA incorporation at each mRNA codon. The distinct nature and timing of conformational changes within the ribosome and eEF1A rationalize how increased decoding fidelity is achieved and potentially regulated in eukaryotic species.
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