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- EMDB-23020: Human mitochondrial LONP1 with endogenous substrate -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-23020
TitleHuman mitochondrial LONP1 with endogenous substrate
Map dataSubstrate-bound human mitochondrial LONP1
Sample
  • Complex: Human mitochondrial LONP1 with endogenous substrate
    • Protein or peptide: Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial
    • Protein or peptide: Unidentified endogenous substrate
  • Ligand: ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE
  • Ligand: MAGNESIUM ION
  • Ligand: ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE
KeywordsAAA+ / ATPase / protease / mitochondrial / LONP1 / LON / HYDROLASE
Function / homology
Function and homology information


oxidation-dependent protein catabolic process / PH domain binding / mitochondrial protein catabolic process / response to aluminum ion / endopeptidase La / G-quadruplex DNA binding / mitochondrial DNA metabolic process / mitochondrial genome maintenance / ATP-dependent peptidase activity / protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins ...oxidation-dependent protein catabolic process / PH domain binding / mitochondrial protein catabolic process / response to aluminum ion / endopeptidase La / G-quadruplex DNA binding / mitochondrial DNA metabolic process / mitochondrial genome maintenance / ATP-dependent peptidase activity / protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins / mitochondrial nucleoid / insulin receptor substrate binding / Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) / chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly / DNA polymerase binding / response to hormone / Mitochondrial protein degradation / negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway / proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process / mitochondrion organization / protein catabolic process / ADP binding / single-stranded DNA binding / cellular response to oxidative stress / sequence-specific DNA binding / response to hypoxia / single-stranded RNA binding / mitochondrial matrix / serine-type endopeptidase activity / ATP hydrolysis activity / mitochondrion / nucleoplasm / ATP binding / identical protein binding / membrane / cytosol
Similarity search - Function
Lon protease homologue, chloroplastic/mitochondrial / : / Lon protease, bacterial/eukaryotic-type / Lon protease AAA+ ATPase lid domain / Peptidase S16, active site / ATP-dependent serine proteases, lon family, serine active site. / Lon proteolytic domain profile. / Peptidase S16, Lon proteolytic domain / Lon protease / Lon protease (S16) C-terminal proteolytic domain ...Lon protease homologue, chloroplastic/mitochondrial / : / Lon protease, bacterial/eukaryotic-type / Lon protease AAA+ ATPase lid domain / Peptidase S16, active site / ATP-dependent serine proteases, lon family, serine active site. / Lon proteolytic domain profile. / Peptidase S16, Lon proteolytic domain / Lon protease / Lon protease (S16) C-terminal proteolytic domain / Lon N-terminal domain profile. / Lon protease, N-terminal domain / Lon protease, N-terminal domain superfamily / ATP-dependent protease La (LON) substrate-binding domain / Found in ATP-dependent protease La (LON) / PUA-like superfamily / ATPase family associated with various cellular activities (AAA) / ATPase, AAA-type, core / Ribosomal protein S5 domain 2-type fold, subgroup / Ribosomal protein S5 domain 2-type fold / ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities / AAA+ ATPase domain / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human) / Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.2 Å
AuthorsShin M / Watson ER
Funding support United States, 4 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging (NIH/NIA)AG067594 United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIH/NINDS)NS095892 United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging (NIH/NIA)AG061697 United States
National Institutes of Health/Office of the DirectorS10OD021634 United States
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2021
Title: Structures of the human LONP1 protease reveal regulatory steps involved in protease activation.
Authors: Mia Shin / Edmond R Watson / Albert S Song / Jeffrey T Mindrebo / Scott J Novick / Patrick R Griffin / R Luke Wiseman / Gabriel C Lander /
Abstract: The human mitochondrial AAA+ protein LONP1 is a critical quality control protease involved in regulating diverse aspects of mitochondrial biology including proteostasis, electron transport chain ...The human mitochondrial AAA+ protein LONP1 is a critical quality control protease involved in regulating diverse aspects of mitochondrial biology including proteostasis, electron transport chain activity, and mitochondrial transcription. As such, genetic or aging-associated imbalances in LONP1 activity are implicated in pathologic mitochondrial dysfunction associated with numerous human diseases. Despite this importance, the molecular basis for LONP1-dependent proteolytic activity remains poorly defined. Here, we solved cryo-electron microscopy structures of human LONP1 to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms governing substrate proteolysis. We show that, like bacterial Lon, human LONP1 adopts both an open and closed spiral staircase orientation dictated by the presence of substrate and nucleotide. Unlike bacterial Lon, human LONP1 contains a second spiral staircase within its ATPase domain that engages substrate as it is translocated toward the proteolytic chamber. Intriguingly, and in contrast to its bacterial ortholog, substrate binding within the central ATPase channel of LONP1 alone is insufficient to induce the activated conformation of the protease domains. To successfully induce the active protease conformation in substrate-bound LONP1, substrate binding within the protease active site is necessary, which we demonstrate by adding bortezomib, a peptidomimetic active site inhibitor of LONP1. These results suggest LONP1 can decouple ATPase and protease activities depending on whether AAA+ or both AAA+ and protease domains bind substrate. Importantly, our structures provide a molecular framework to define the critical importance of LONP1 in regulating mitochondrial proteostasis in health and disease.
History
DepositionNov 23, 2020-
Header (metadata) releaseDec 2, 2020-
Map releaseDec 2, 2020-
UpdateMay 29, 2024-
Current statusMay 29, 2024Processing site: RCSB / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Movie
  • Surface view with section colored by density value
  • Surface level: 3.31
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
  • Download
  • Surface view colored by cylindrical radius
  • Surface level: 3.31
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
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  • Surface view with fitted model
  • Atomic models: PDB-7ksm
  • Surface level: 3.31
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
  • Download
Movie viewer
Structure viewerEM map:
SurfViewMolmilJmol/JSmol
Supplemental images

emd_23020.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_23020.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 15.6 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
AnnotationSubstrate-bound human mitochondrial LONP1
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
1.15 Å/pix.
x 160 pix.
= 184. Å		1.15 Å/pix.
x 160 pix.
= 184. Å		1.15 Å/pix.
x 160 pix.
= 184. Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

Slices (1/2)

Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.15 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 3.31 / Movie #1: 3.31
Minimum - Maximum-6.1725273 - 14.411925
Average (Standard dev.)0.050346438 (±1.0)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions160160160
Spacing160160160
CellA=B=C: 184.0 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

CCP4 map header:

modeImage stored as Reals
Å/pix. X/Y/Z1.151.151.15
M x/y/z160160160
origin x/y/z0.0000.0000.000
length x/y/z184.000184.000184.000
α/β/γ90.00090.00090.000
start NX/NY/NZ158149174
NX/NY/NZ205194166
MAP C/R/S123
start NC/NR/NS000
NC/NR/NS160160160
D min/max/mean-6.17314.4120.050

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Supplemental data

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Mask #1

Fileemd_23020_msk_1.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: Half-map of substrate-bound human mitochondrial LONP1

Fileemd_23020_half_map_1.map
AnnotationHalf-map of substrate-bound human mitochondrial LONP1
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: Half-map of substrate-bound human mitochondrial LONP1

Fileemd_23020_half_map_2.map
AnnotationHalf-map of substrate-bound human mitochondrial LONP1
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Sample components

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Entire : Human mitochondrial LONP1 with endogenous substrate

EntireName: Human mitochondrial LONP1 with endogenous substrate
Components
  • Complex: Human mitochondrial LONP1 with endogenous substrate
    • Protein or peptide: Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial
    • Protein or peptide: Unidentified endogenous substrate
  • Ligand: ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE
  • Ligand: MAGNESIUM ION
  • Ligand: ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE

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Supramolecule #1: Human mitochondrial LONP1 with endogenous substrate

SupramoleculeName: Human mitochondrial LONP1 with endogenous substrate / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#2
Details: Complexes consisting of homohexameric LONP1 protease from Homo sapiens bound to endogenous co-purified substrate
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human) / Organelle: Mitochondria / Location in cell: Matrix
Molecular weightTheoretical: 462 KDa

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Macromolecule #1: Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial

MacromoleculeName: Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 6 / Enantiomer: LEVO / EC number: endopeptidase La
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 59.069742 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria)
SequenceString: AIEEKFRERL KELVVPKHVM DVVDEELSKL GLLDNHSSEF NVTRNYLDWL TSIPWGKYSN ENLDLARAQA VLEEDHYGME DVKKRILEF IAVSQLRGST QGKILCFYGP PGVGKTSIAR SIARALNREY FRFSVGGMTD VAEIKGHRRT YVGAMPGKII Q CLKKTKTE ...String:
AIEEKFRERL KELVVPKHVM DVVDEELSKL GLLDNHSSEF NVTRNYLDWL TSIPWGKYSN ENLDLARAQA VLEEDHYGME DVKKRILEF IAVSQLRGST QGKILCFYGP PGVGKTSIAR SIARALNREY FRFSVGGMTD VAEIKGHRRT YVGAMPGKII Q CLKKTKTE NPLILIDEVD KIGRGYQGDP SSALLELLDP EQNANFLDHY LDVPVDLSKV LFICTANVTD TIPEPLRDRM EM INVSGYV AQEKLAIAER YLVPQARALC GLDESKAKLS SDVLTLLIKQ YCRESGVRNL QKQVEKVLRK SAYKIVSGEA ESV EVTPEN LQDFVGKPVF TVERMYDVTP PGVVMGLAWT AMGGSTLFVE TSLRRPQDKD AKGDKDGSLE VTGQLGEVMK ESAR IAYTF ARAFLMQHAP ANDYLVTSHI HLHVPEGATP KDGPSAGCTI VTALLSLAMG RPVRQNLAMT GEVSLTGKIL PVGGI KEKT IAAKRAGVTC IVLPAENKKD FYDLAAFITE GLEVHFVEHY REIFDIAF

UniProtKB: Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial

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Macromolecule #2: Unidentified endogenous substrate

MacromoleculeName: Unidentified endogenous substrate / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / Strain: Rosetta 2(DE3)pLysS
Molecular weightTheoretical: 1.039273 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria)
SequenceString:
(UNK)(UNK)(UNK)(UNK)(UNK)(UNK)(UNK)(UNK)(UNK)(UNK) (UNK)(UNK)

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Macromolecule #3: ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE

MacromoleculeName: ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / type: ligand / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 4 / Formula: ATP
Molecular weightTheoretical: 507.181 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-ATP:
ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / ATP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

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Macromolecule #4: MAGNESIUM ION

MacromoleculeName: MAGNESIUM ION / type: ligand / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 4 / Formula: MG
Molecular weightTheoretical: 24.305 Da

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Macromolecule #5: ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE

MacromoleculeName: ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / type: ligand / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 2 / Formula: ADP
Molecular weightTheoretical: 427.201 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-ADP:
ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / ADP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

Concentration2.5 mg/mL
BufferpH: 8
Component:
ConcentrationFormulaName
50.0 mMTrisTris Base
75.0 mMKClPotassium Chloride
10.0 mMMgCl2Magnesium Chloride
1.0 mMTCEPTCEP
1.0 mMATPAdenosine Triphosphate

Details: Solutions were made fresh from concentrated and filtered using a 0.1 um syringe filter to avoid microbial contamination. Samples were mixed on ice and incubated for 5 minutes before vitrification.
GridModel: UltrAuFoil R1.2/1.3 / Material: GOLD / Mesh: 300 / Pretreatment - Type: PLASMA CLEANING / Pretreatment - Time: 7 sec. / Pretreatment - Atmosphere: OTHER
Details: EM grids were plasma cleaned prior to sample application for 7 seconds using a Solarus plasma cleaner (Gatan, Inc.) with a 75% nitrogen, 25% oxygen atmosphere at 15W.
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 95 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K / Instrument: HOMEMADE PLUNGER
Details: 4 uL of sample was applied per grid and manually blotted for 4 seconds followed by immediately plunge-freezing in liquid ethane cooled by liquid nitrogen..
DetailsThis sample was monodisperse

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TALOS ARCTICA
TemperatureMin: 80.0 K / Max: 90.0 K
Alignment procedureComa free - Residual tilt: 0.14 mrad
DetailsComa-free alignment procedure from Herzik & Wu, Nature Methods (2017). Preliminary grid screening was performed manually prior to data collection.
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k) / Detector mode: COUNTING / Digitization - Dimensions - Width: 3710 pixel / Digitization - Dimensions - Height: 3838 pixel / Digitization - Frames/image: 0-113 / Number grids imaged: 1 / Number real images: 2912 / Average exposure time: 11.4 sec. / Average electron dose: 50.0 e/Å2
Details: Images were collected in counting mode at 10 frames per second.
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 200 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsC2 aperture diameter: 70.0 µm / Calibrated defocus max: 1.5 µm / Calibrated defocus min: 0.5 µm / Calibrated magnification: 43478 / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Cs: 2.7 mm / Nominal defocus max: 1.2 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.8 µm / Nominal magnification: 36000
Sample stageSpecimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER / Cooling holder cryogen: NITROGEN
Experimental equipment
Model: Talos Arctica / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

Particle selectionNumber selected: 940396
Startup modelType of model: OTHER
Details: A low-resolution negative stain reconstruction of Human mitochondrial LONP1 was used as an initial model.
Final reconstructionNumber classes used: 1 / Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.2 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 3.1)
Software - details: RELION 3.1 was used to perform final reconstruction
Number images used: 38130
Initial angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 3.1)
Software - details: RELION 3.1 was used to assign initial euler angles
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 3.1)
Software - details: RELION 3.1 was used to assign final euler angles
Details: RELION 3.1 was used to assign initial angles
Final 3D classificationNumber classes: 3 / Avg.num./class: 90000 / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 3.1)
Software - details: RELION 3.1 was used to perform final classification
Details: The final 3D classification had an somewhat asymmetric distribution owing to preferred specimen orientation due to differential interactions with the air-water interface
FSC plot (resolution estimation)

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Atomic model buiding 1

DetailsInitial homology model was built using SWISS-MODEL and initial rigid body docking was done using UCSF Chimera.
RefinementSpace: REAL / Protocol: AB INITIO MODEL / Overall B value: 52 / Target criteria: Correlation coefficient
Output model

PDB-7ksm:
Human mitochondrial LONP1 with endogenous substrate

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