Journal: Nat Commun / Year: 2021 Title: A barbed end interference mechanism reveals how capping protein promotes nucleation in branched actin networks. Authors: Johanna Funk / Felipe Merino / Matthias Schaks / Klemens Rottner / Stefan Raunser / Peter Bieling / Abstract: Heterodimeric capping protein (CP/CapZ) is an essential factor for the assembly of branched actin networks, which push against cellular membranes to drive a large variety of cellular processes. Aside ...Heterodimeric capping protein (CP/CapZ) is an essential factor for the assembly of branched actin networks, which push against cellular membranes to drive a large variety of cellular processes. Aside from terminating filament growth, CP potentiates the nucleation of actin filaments by the Arp2/3 complex in branched actin networks through an unclear mechanism. Here, we combine structural biology with in vitro reconstitution to demonstrate that CP not only terminates filament elongation, but indirectly stimulates the activity of Arp2/3 activating nucleation promoting factors (NPFs) by preventing their association to filament barbed ends. Key to this function is one of CP's C-terminal "tentacle" extensions, which sterically masks the main interaction site of the terminal actin protomer. Deletion of the β tentacle only modestly impairs capping. However, in the context of a growing branched actin network, its removal potently inhibits nucleation promoting factors by tethering them to capped filament ends. End tethering of NPFs prevents their loading with actin monomers required for activation of the Arp2/3 complex and thus strongly inhibits branched network assembly both in cells and reconstituted motility assays. Our results mechanistically explain how CP couples two opposed processes-capping and nucleation-in branched actin network assembly.
History
Deposition
Aug 9, 2021
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Header (metadata) release
Sep 1, 2021
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Map release
Sep 1, 2021
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Update
Oct 6, 2021
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Current status
Oct 6, 2021
Processing site: PDBe / Status: Released
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Structure visualization
Movie
Surface view with section colored by density value
Model: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3 / Material: COPPER / Support film - Material: GRAPHENE OXIDE / Support film - topology: CONTINUOUS / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE / Pretreatment - Atmosphere: AIR / Details: Mild discharging with 5 mA current
Vitrification
Cryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 286 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV
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Electron microscopy
Microscope
FEI TALOS ARCTICA
Image recording
Film or detector model: FEI FALCON III (4k x 4k) / Detector mode: INTEGRATING / Number grids imaged: 2 / Number real images: 4204 / Average exposure time: 3.0 sec. / Average electron dose: 60.0 e/Å2
Electron beam
Acceleration voltage: 200 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron optics
Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Cs: 2.7 mm
Sample stage
Cooling holder cryogen: NITROGEN
Experimental equipment
Model: Talos Arctica / Image courtesy: FEI Company
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Image processing
Particle selection
Number selected: 570724
CTF correction
Software - Name: CTFFIND (ver. 4.1.13)
Startup model
Type of model: OTHER Details: Artificially built actin filament. Generated from 6FHL
Final reconstruction
Number classes used: 1 / Algorithm: BACK PROJECTION / Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.8 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Software - Name: SPHIRE (ver. 1.3) / Number images used: 60206
Initial angle assignment
Type: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD / Software - Name: SPHIRE (ver. 1.3)
Final angle assignment
Type: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD / Software - Name: SPHIRE (ver. 1.3)
Final 3D classification
Number classes: 3 / Software - Name: SPHIRE (ver. 1.3)
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