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- PDB-9v3s: Nav1.5 in complex with quinidine-azo -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9v3s
TitleNav1.5 in complex with quinidine-azo
ComponentsSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / Voltage-gated sodium channe Nav1.5
Function / homology
Function and homology information


voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in AV node cell action potential / voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in bundle of His cell action potential / voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in Purkinje myocyte action potential / voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in SA node cell action potential / bundle of His cell action potential / regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization / AV node cell action potential / SA node cell action potential / AV node cell to bundle of His cell communication / membrane depolarization during SA node cell action potential ...voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in AV node cell action potential / voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in bundle of His cell action potential / voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in Purkinje myocyte action potential / voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in SA node cell action potential / bundle of His cell action potential / regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization / AV node cell action potential / SA node cell action potential / AV node cell to bundle of His cell communication / membrane depolarization during SA node cell action potential / response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptation / membrane depolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential / regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization / cardiac ventricle development / voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential / brainstem development / membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential / regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization / positive regulation of action potential / membrane depolarization during bundle of His cell action potential / atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential / membrane depolarization during Purkinje myocyte cell action potential / cardiac conduction system development / telencephalon development / membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential / positive regulation of sodium ion transport / membrane depolarization during action potential / regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport / ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential / regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization / cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction / voltage-gated sodium channel complex / regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction / Interaction between L1 and Ankyrins / voltage-gated sodium channel activity / ankyrin binding / odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth / sodium ion transport / Phase 0 - rapid depolarisation / regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction / fibroblast growth factor binding / nitric-oxide synthase binding / intercalated disc / lateral plasma membrane / membrane depolarization / cardiac muscle contraction / T-tubule / regulation of heart rate / cellular response to calcium ion / cerebellum development / positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation / sodium ion transmembrane transport / sarcolemma / caveola / Z disc / scaffold protein binding / transmembrane transporter binding / calmodulin binding / protein domain specific binding / ubiquitin protein ligase binding / protein kinase binding / nucleolus / perinuclear region of cytoplasm / enzyme binding / cell surface / endoplasmic reticulum / nucleoplasm / membrane / plasma membrane
Similarity search - Function
Voltage gated sodium channel, alpha-5 subunit / Voltage-gated Na+ ion channel, cytoplasmic domain / Cytoplasmic domain of voltage-gated Na+ ion channel / : / Sodium ion transport-associated / Voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit, inactivation gate / Sodium ion transport-associated / SCN5A-like, C-terminal IQ motif / Voltage gated sodium channel, alpha subunit / Voltage-gated cation channel calcium and sodium ...Voltage gated sodium channel, alpha-5 subunit / Voltage-gated Na+ ion channel, cytoplasmic domain / Cytoplasmic domain of voltage-gated Na+ ion channel / : / Sodium ion transport-associated / Voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit, inactivation gate / Sodium ion transport-associated / SCN5A-like, C-terminal IQ motif / Voltage gated sodium channel, alpha subunit / Voltage-gated cation channel calcium and sodium / Voltage-dependent channel domain superfamily / Ion transport domain / Ion transport protein
Similarity search - Domain/homology
: / Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3 Å
AuthorsHuang, Z. / Li, Z. / Liu, S.
Funding support China, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)82271498 China
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2026
Title: Optical control of the cardiac rhythm with photoswitchable Na1.5 channel blockers.
Authors: Shiqi Liu / Weiqiang Guan / Zhangqiang Li / Wei Wang / Huifang Song / Jia'ao Li / Junjie Hou / Huan Wang / JingWei Xiong / Min Yang / Nieng Yan / Xin Tian / Houhua Li / Zhuo Huang /
Abstract: Voltage-gated sodium channel Na1.5 is essential for cardiac excitability, mediating the rapid depolarization phase of the cardiac action potential (AP) and ensuring proper electrical conduction in ...Voltage-gated sodium channel Na1.5 is essential for cardiac excitability, mediating the rapid depolarization phase of the cardiac action potential (AP) and ensuring proper electrical conduction in the heart. Dysfunction of Na1.5 is implicated in life-threatening arrhythmias, making it a critical therapeutic target. Acting as a Na1.5 open-state blocker, quinidine demonstrates efficacy in arrhythmia treatment, but its low specificity restricts its clinical application. Here, we report an optopharmacological strategy that enables a precise and optical control of Na1.5 function by means of photoswitchable quinidine derivatives. Through systematic structural optimization, we identify azo-Q2a as a high-performance photoswitchable inhibitor, exhibiting low activity in the dark or under 480 nm light irradiation (trans isomer), while approximately 7-fold higher efficacy is observed under 365 nm light irradiation (cis isomer). Of note, azo-Q2a demonstrates exceptional selectivity for Na1.5 over cardiac ion channels and other Na1 subtypes, minimizing potential off-target effects. Furthermore, by solving the cryo-EM structure of the Na1.5 in complex with the cis-active isomer azo-Q2a (3.0 Å resolution), we reveal the essential binding site that is responsible for the optical control of Na1.5. Finally, azo-Q2a also attenuates the heart rate of living zebrafish larvae with light, showing its potential in cardiac-related research and treatment. Our work not only establishes azo-Q2a as a robust photoswitchable inhibitor for Na1.5 but also provides a structural blueprint for the rational design of next-generation optopharmacological antiarrhythmic agents.
History
DepositionMay 22, 2025Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBC
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 2 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)186,55412
Polymers184,0331
Non-polymers2,52111
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha / Sodium channel protein cardiac muscle subunit alpha / Sodium channel protein type V subunit alpha / ...Sodium channel protein cardiac muscle subunit alpha / Sodium channel protein type V subunit alpha / Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.5 / hH1


Mass: 184033.438 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: SCN5A / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: Q14524
#2: Sugar
ChemComp-NAG / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose / N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-glucose / N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE


Type: D-saccharide, beta linking / Mass: 221.208 Da / Num. of mol.: 9 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C8H15NO6
IdentifierTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcbCONDENSED IUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
N-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosamineCOMMON NAMEGMML 1.0
b-D-GlcpNAcIUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLPDB-CARE 1.0
GlcNAcSNFG CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
#3: Chemical ChemComp-A1EQU / (~{S})-[(1~{S},2~{R},4~{S},5~{R})-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-[6-methoxy-3-[4-(2-phenylhydrazinyl)phenyl]quinolin-4-yl]methanol


Mass: 506.638 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C32H34N4O2 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#4: Chemical ChemComp-NA / SODIUM ION


Mass: 22.990 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Na
Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Nav1.5 in complex with quinidine-azo / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Tecnai Spirit / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TECNAI SPIRIT
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1800 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1500 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 287376 / Symmetry type: POINT
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.0039631
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.70613067
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d6.3011452
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0431536
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0041580

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