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- PDB-9m3v: Arabidopsis thaliana CDC48A, nucleotide-free (Apo) -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9m3v
TitleArabidopsis thaliana CDC48A, nucleotide-free (Apo)
ComponentsCell division control protein 48 homolog A
KeywordsPLANT PROTEIN / Targeted protein degradation / plant protein quality control / AAA+ ATPase / cryo-EM / adaptation / ubiquitin-proteasome system
Function / homology
Function and homology information


pollen germination / pollen tube growth / negative regulation of defense response / phragmoplast / plant-type cell wall / plasmodesma / lipid droplet / cytosolic ribosome / protein destabilization / spindle ...pollen germination / pollen tube growth / negative regulation of defense response / phragmoplast / plant-type cell wall / plasmodesma / lipid droplet / cytosolic ribosome / protein destabilization / spindle / nuclear envelope / protein transport / cell division / nucleolus / Golgi apparatus / ATP hydrolysis activity / ATP binding / identical protein binding / nucleus / plasma membrane / cytosol / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
AAA ATPase, CDC48 family / Cell division protein 48 (CDC48), N-terminal domain / : / CDC48, N-terminal subdomain / Cell division protein 48 (CDC48) N-terminal domain / CDC48, domain 2 / Cell division protein 48 (CDC48), domain 2 / Cell division protein 48 (CDC48) domain 2 / CDC48 domain 2-like superfamily / Aspartate decarboxylase-like domain superfamily ...AAA ATPase, CDC48 family / Cell division protein 48 (CDC48), N-terminal domain / : / CDC48, N-terminal subdomain / Cell division protein 48 (CDC48) N-terminal domain / CDC48, domain 2 / Cell division protein 48 (CDC48), domain 2 / Cell division protein 48 (CDC48) domain 2 / CDC48 domain 2-like superfamily / Aspartate decarboxylase-like domain superfamily / AAA ATPase, AAA+ lid domain / AAA+ lid domain / ATPase, AAA-type, conserved site / AAA-protein family signature. / ATPase family associated with various cellular activities (AAA) / ATPase, AAA-type, core / ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities / AAA+ ATPase domain / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Cell division control protein 48 homolog A
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesArabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.9 Å
AuthorsHuntington, B. / Arold, S.T.
Funding support Saudi Arabia, 2items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Other privateURF/1/4039-01-01 Saudi Arabia
Other privateURF/1/4080-01-01 Saudi Arabia
CitationJournal: Plant Commun / Year: 2026
Title: Cryo-EM structural analyses reveal plant-specific adaptations of the CDC48 unfoldase.
Authors: Brandon Huntington / Anandsukeerthi Sandholu / Jun Wang / Junrui Zhang / Lingyun Zhao / Bilal M Qureshi / Umar F Shahul Hameed / Stefan T Arold /
Abstract: Targeted protein degradation through the CDC48 unfoldase enables the maintenance and rapid adaptation of proteomes across eukaryotes. However, the substantial differences among animals, fungi, and ...Targeted protein degradation through the CDC48 unfoldase enables the maintenance and rapid adaptation of proteomes across eukaryotes. However, the substantial differences among animals, fungi, and plants presumably drove extensive adaptation of CDC48-mediated degradation. Although animal and fungal CDC48 systems have shown structural and functional preservation, comparable analysis has been lacking for plants. We determined the structural and functional characteristics of Arabidopsis thaliana CDC48A in multiple states and in complex with the target-identifying cofactors UFD1 and NPL4. Our analysis revealed several features that distinguish AtCDC48A from its animal and yeast counterparts despite 80% sequence identity. Key findings include that AtCDC48A exhibits distinct domain dynamics and engages AtNPL4 in a unique manner. Moreover, AtNPL4 and AtUFD1 do not form an obligate heterodimer; instead, AtNPL4 can independently bind to AtCDC48A and mediate target degradation, although their combined action is synergistic. An evolutionary analysis indicates that these Arabidopsis features are conserved across plants and represent the ancestral state of eukaryotic CDC48 systems. Collectively, our findings suggest that plant CDC48 retains a more modular and combinatorial mode of cofactor usage, highlighting a specific adaptation of targeted protein degradation in plants.
History
DepositionMar 3, 2025Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBJ
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Cell division control protein 48 homolog A
B: Cell division control protein 48 homolog A
C: Cell division control protein 48 homolog A
D: Cell division control protein 48 homolog A
E: Cell division control protein 48 homolog A
F: Cell division control protein 48 homolog A


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)539,5376
Polymers539,5376
Non-polymers00
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

#1: Protein
Cell division control protein 48 homolog A / AtCDC48a


Mass: 89922.844 Da / Num. of mol.: 6
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Details: GST Tag / Source: (gene. exp.) Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) / Gene: CDC48A, CDC48, At3g09840, F8A24.11 / Plasmid: pGEX6P-1 / Details (production host): GST-Tag / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P54609
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Arabidopsis thaliana CDC48A, nucleotide-free (Apo) / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: all / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Strain: BL21 (DE3) / Plasmid: pGEX6P-1
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
Buffer component
IDConc.NameFormulaBuffer-ID
120.0 mMHEPESHEPES1
2150.0 mMSodium ChlorideNaCl1
31.0 mMTCEPTCEP1
SpecimenConc.: 2 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportGrid material: COPPER / Grid mesh size: 300 divisions/in. / Grid type: C-flat-1.2/1.3
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 295 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 130000 X / Nominal defocus max: 2200 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm / Alignment procedure: ZEMLIN TABLEAU
Specimen holderCryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER
Image recordingAverage exposure time: 5.6 sec. / Electron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Detector mode: SUPER-RESOLUTION / Film or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 1 / Num. of real images: 1263
EM imaging opticsEnergyfilter name: GIF Bioquantum

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
1Topazparticle selection
2PHENIXdev_4694model refinement
3Latitudeimage acquisition
5RELIONCTF correction
10RELIONinitial Euler assignment
11RELIONfinal Euler assignment
13RELION3D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 210000
SymmetryPoint symmetry: C6 (6 fold cyclic)
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.9 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 73000 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementHighest resolution: 3.9 Å
Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS)
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00335862
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.5248372
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d3.5884914
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0415370
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0056444

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