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- PDB-9l8l: Structure of GPCR megacomplex bound to agonists -

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Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9l8l
TitleStructure of GPCR megacomplex bound to agonists
Components
  • (Guanine nucleotide-binding protein ...) x 3
  • Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
  • Beta-arrestin-1
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / GPCR
Function / homology
Function and homology information


angiotensin receptor binding / TGFBR3 regulates TGF-beta signaling / Activation of SMO / negative regulation of interleukin-8 production / sensory perception of chemical stimulus / desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / mu-type opioid receptor binding / corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 binding / beta2-adrenergic receptor activity / G-protein activation ...angiotensin receptor binding / TGFBR3 regulates TGF-beta signaling / Activation of SMO / negative regulation of interleukin-8 production / sensory perception of chemical stimulus / desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / mu-type opioid receptor binding / corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 binding / beta2-adrenergic receptor activity / G-protein activation / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / positive regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential / arrestin family protein binding / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / Ca2+ pathway / G alpha (z) signalling events / AMPA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway / positive regulation of autophagosome maturation / norepinephrine-epinephrine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure / norepinephrine binding / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / G protein-coupled receptor internalization / Adrenoceptors / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / G alpha (q) signalling events / positive regulation of lipophagy / positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction / beta-2 adrenergic receptor binding / G alpha (i) signalling events / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / G-protein activation / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / regulation of smooth muscle contraction / Ca2+ pathway / G alpha (z) signalling events / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / G alpha (q) signalling events / G alpha (s) signalling events / adrenergic receptor signaling pathway / photoreceptor outer segment membrane / sensory perception / positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy / spectrin binding / Lysosome Vesicle Biogenesis / stress fiber assembly / negative regulation of interleukin-6 production / response to psychosocial stress / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / G alpha (i) signalling events / endosome to lysosome transport / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / Golgi Associated Vesicle Biogenesis / sensory perception of taste / positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction / positive regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway / alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity / retina development in camera-type eye / pseudopodium / negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway / negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process / adenylate cyclase binding / positive regulation of receptor internalization / potassium channel regulator activity / photoreceptor outer segment / D1 dopamine receptor binding / neuronal dense core vesicle / adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway / insulin-like growth factor receptor binding / cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process / photoreceptor inner segment / positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process / clathrin-coated pit
Similarity search - Function
Arrestin, conserved site / Arrestins signature. / Arrestin / Arrestin, N-terminal / Arrestin-like, N-terminal / Arrestin C-terminal-like domain / Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain / Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain / Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain / Arrestin-like, C-terminal ...Arrestin, conserved site / Arrestins signature. / Arrestin / Arrestin, N-terminal / Arrestin-like, N-terminal / Arrestin C-terminal-like domain / Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain / Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain / Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain / Arrestin-like, C-terminal / Beta 2 adrenoceptor / Adrenoceptor family / G-protein alpha subunit, group S / Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srsx / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G protein alpha subunit / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / Immunoglobulin E-set / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Chem-DR7 / Chem-P0G / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short / Beta-2 adrenergic receptor / Beta-arrestin-1 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesBos taurus (domestic cattle)
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
Homo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.22 Å
AuthorsHe, G. / Sun, Q. / Liu, X.
Funding support China, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)32122041 China
CitationJournal: Cell / Year: 2026
Title: A GPCR-G protein-β-arrestin megacomplex enabled by a versatile allosteric modulator.
Authors: Guodong He / Qinxin Sun / Xinyu Xu / Fang Kong / Shuhao Zhang / Kexin Ye / Xiaoou Sun / Bin Lin / Xin Chen / Chuangye Yan / Xiangyu Liu /
Abstract: Approximately one-third of clinical drugs mediate their therapeutic effects through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), highlighting their immense therapeutic relevance. Novel approaches to modulate ...Approximately one-third of clinical drugs mediate their therapeutic effects through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), highlighting their immense therapeutic relevance. Novel approaches to modulate GPCR activity have the potential to yield unique pharmacological profiles. Conventionally, the G protein and β-arrestin signaling pathways downstream of GPCRs have been viewed as mutually exclusive. Using the in-house developed survival pressure selection (SPS) method, a high-throughput platform for GPCR agonist discovery, we identified an allosteric ligand that stabilizes a GPCR-G protein-β-arrestin megacomplex, thereby mediating sustained receptor signaling following internalization. Remarkably, this compound, atazanavir, exhibits pan-receptor activation across multiple family A GPCRs, including GPR119, βAR, and βAR, demonstrating the broad applicability of this regulatory mechanism. This discovery uncovers a distinct mechanism of GPCR regulation, opening alternative avenues for the development of therapeutics targeting GPCRs.
History
DepositionDec 27, 2024Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBC
Revision 1.0Dec 31, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
B: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
C: Beta-arrestin-1
G: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
R: Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)184,8787
Polymers183,8025
Non-polymers1,0752
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

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Guanine nucleotide-binding protein ... , 3 types, 3 molecules ABG

#1: Protein Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short / Adenylate cyclase-stimulating G alpha protein


Mass: 45769.527 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Bos taurus (domestic cattle) / Gene: GNAS, GNAS1 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
References: UniProt: P04896, Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement
#2: Protein Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Transducin beta chain 1


Mass: 38744.371 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) / Gene: Gnb1 / Production host: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) / References: UniProt: P54311
#4: Protein Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / G gamma-I


Mass: 7563.750 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Bos taurus (domestic cattle) / Gene: GNG2 / Production host: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) / References: UniProt: P63212

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Protein , 2 types, 2 molecules CR

#3: Protein Beta-arrestin-1 / Arrestin beta-1 / Non-visual arrestin-2


Mass: 44140.312 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: ARRB1, ARR1 / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P49407
#5: Protein Beta-2 adrenergic receptor / Beta-2 adrenoreceptor / Beta-2 adrenoceptor


Mass: 47584.512 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Mutation: K237R,G276S,I277V
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: ADRB2, ADRB2R, B2AR / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P07550

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Non-polymers , 2 types, 2 molecules

#6: Chemical ChemComp-DR7 / (3S,8S,9S,12S)-3,12-BIS(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)-8-HYDROXY-4,11-DIOXO-9-(PHENYLMETHYL)-6-[[4-(2-PYRIDINYL)PHENYL]METHYL]-2,5, 6,10,13-PENTAAZATETRADECANEDIOIC ACID DIMETHYL ESTER / ATAZANAVIR / METHYL [(1S,4S,5S,10S)-4-BENZYL-1,10-DI-TERT-BUTYL-5-HYDROXY-2,9,12-TRIOXO-7-(4-PYRIDIN-2-YLBENZYL)-13-OXA-3,7,8,11-TETRAAZATET RADEC-1-YL]CARBAMATE


Mass: 704.855 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C38H52N6O7 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#7: Chemical ChemComp-P0G / 8-[(1R)-2-{[1,1-dimethyl-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino}-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one


Mass: 370.442 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C21H26N2O4 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION

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Details

Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Structure of beta1-AR-Gs complex bound to epinephrine and an allosteric modulator
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#5 / Source: MULTIPLE SOURCES
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1600 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1300 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k)

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Processing

CTF correctionType: NONE
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.22 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 154185 / Symmetry type: POINT

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