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- PDB-8pk2: Cryo EM structure of the type 1m polymorph of alpha-synuclein -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 8pk2
TitleCryo EM structure of the type 1m polymorph of alpha-synuclein
ComponentsAlpha-synuclein
KeywordsPROTEIN FIBRIL / amyloid / polymorphism
Function / homology
Function and homology information


negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone / negative regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission / negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake / response to desipramine / positive regulation of SNARE complex assembly / positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process / supramolecular fiber / regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling / negative regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy / regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process ...negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone / negative regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission / negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake / response to desipramine / positive regulation of SNARE complex assembly / positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process / supramolecular fiber / regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling / negative regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy / regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process / positive regulation of protein localization to cell periphery / negative regulation of exocytosis / dopamine biosynthetic process / dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission / negative regulation of dopamine metabolic process / response to iron(II) ion / negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway / SNARE complex assembly / negative regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway / Lewy body / negative regulation of microtubule polymerization / synaptic vesicle priming / synaptic vesicle transport / regulation of norepinephrine uptake / transporter regulator activity / positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process / protein kinase inhibitor activity / regulation of dopamine secretion / positive regulation of receptor recycling / cuprous ion binding / positive regulation of exocytosis / nuclear outer membrane / dynein complex binding / synaptic transmission, dopaminergic / synaptic vesicle exocytosis / response to magnesium ion / positive regulation of endocytosis / negative regulation of serotonin uptake / kinesin binding / cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity / regulation of presynapse assembly / synaptic vesicle endocytosis / alpha-tubulin binding / beta-tubulin binding / phospholipase binding / behavioral response to cocaine / cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus / supramolecular fiber organization / response to type II interferon / cellular response to epinephrine stimulus / inclusion body / response to interleukin-1 / Hsp70 protein binding / positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol / cellular response to copper ion / axon terminus / enzyme inhibitor activity / glutathione metabolic process / regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization / SNARE binding / protein tetramerization / protein sequestering activity / receptor internalization / phosphoprotein binding / microglial cell activation / tubulin binding / protein destabilization / ferrous iron binding / synapse organization / phospholipid binding / PKR-mediated signaling / tau protein binding / enzyme activator activity / positive regulation of inflammatory response / terminal bouton / actin cytoskeleton / synaptic vesicle membrane / growth cone / response to lipopolysaccharide / cellular response to oxidative stress / actin binding / histone binding / cell cortex / negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process / microtubule binding / amyloid fibril formation / mitochondrial outer membrane / lysosome / oxidoreductase activity / mitochondrial inner membrane / transcription cis-regulatory region binding / positive regulation of apoptotic process / ribosome / mitochondrial matrix / Amyloid fiber formation / copper ion binding / protein domain specific binding / axon / neuronal cell body / calcium ion binding
Similarity search - Function
Synuclein / Alpha-synuclein / Synuclein
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / helical reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.26 Å
AuthorsFrey, L. / Qureshi, B.M. / Kwiatkowski, W. / Rhyner, D. / Greenwald, J. / Riek, R.
Funding support Switzerland, 2items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Swiss National Science Foundation Switzerland
Other government
Citation
Journal: Elife / Year: 2024
Title: On the pH-dependence of α-synuclein amyloid polymorphism and the role of secondary nucleation in seed-based amyloid propagation.
Authors: Lukas Frey / Dhiman Ghosh / Bilal M Qureshi / David Rhyner / Ricardo Guerrero-Ferreira / Aditya Pokharna / Witek Kwiatkowski / Tetiana Serdiuk / Paola Picotti / Roland Riek / Jason Greenwald /
Abstract: The aggregation of the protein α-synuclein is closely associated with several neurodegenerative disorders and as such the structures of the amyloid fibril aggregates have high scientific and medical ...The aggregation of the protein α-synuclein is closely associated with several neurodegenerative disorders and as such the structures of the amyloid fibril aggregates have high scientific and medical significance. However, there are dozens of unique atomic-resolution structures of these aggregates, and such a highly polymorphic nature of the α-synuclein fibrils hampers efforts in disease-relevant in vitro studies on α-synuclein amyloid aggregation. In order to better understand the factors that affect polymorph selection, we studied the structures of α-synuclein fibrils in vitro as a function of pH and buffer using cryo-EM helical reconstruction. We find that in the physiological range of pH 5.8-7.4, a pH-dependent selection between Type 1, 2, and 3 polymorphs occurs. Our results indicate that even in the presence of seeds, the polymorph selection during aggregation is highly dependent on the buffer conditions, attributed to the non-polymorph-specific nature of secondary nucleation. We also uncovered two new polymorphs that occur at pH 7.0 in phosphate-buffered saline. The first is a monofilament Type 1 fibril that highly resembles the structure of the juvenile-onset synucleinopathy polymorph found in patient-derived material. The second is a new Type 5 polymorph that resembles a polymorph that has been recently reported in a study that used diseased tissues to seed aggregation. Taken together, our results highlight the shallow amyloid energy hypersurface that can be altered by subtle changes in the environment, including the pH which is shown to play a major role in polymorph selection and in many cases appears to be the determining factor in seeded aggregation. The results also suggest the possibility of producing disease-relevant structure in vitro.
#1: Journal: Elife / Year: 2023
Title: On the pH-dependence of alpha-synuclein amyloid polymorphism and the role of secondary nucleation in seed-based amyloid propagation
Authors: Frey, L. / Ghosh, D. / Qureshi, B.M. / Rhyner, D. / Pokharna, A. / Guerrero-Ferreira, R. / Kwiatkowski, W. / Serdiuk, T. / Picotti, P. / Riek, R. / Greenwald, J.
History
DepositionJun 24, 2023Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0May 29, 2024Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0May 29, 2024Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0May 29, 2024Data content type: FSC / Data content type: FSC / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0May 29, 2024Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0May 29, 2024Data content type: Half map / Part number: 2 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0May 29, 2024Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0May 29, 2024Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0May 29, 2024Data content type: FSC / Data content type: FSC / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0May 29, 2024Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0May 29, 2024Data content type: Half map / Part number: 2 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0May 29, 2024Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0May 29, 2024Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Sep 11, 2024Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin / Item: _em_admin.last_update
Revision 1.2Mar 5, 2025Group: Author supporting evidence / Data collection / Structure summary
Category: em_admin / em_helical_entity / pdbx_entry_details
Item: _em_admin.last_update / _em_helical_entity.angular_rotation_per_subunit / _em_helical_entity.axial_rise_per_subunit
Revision 1.1Mar 5, 2025Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / Group: Data collection / Experimental summary / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / Category: em_admin / em_helical_entity / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata
Item: _em_admin.last_update / _em_helical_entity.angular_rotation_per_subunit / _em_helical_entity.axial_rise_per_subunit

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Alpha-synuclein
B: Alpha-synuclein
C: Alpha-synuclein
D: Alpha-synuclein
E: Alpha-synuclein


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)72,3815
Polymers72,3815
Non-polymers00
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

#1: Protein
Alpha-synuclein / Non-A beta component of AD amyloid / Non-A4 component of amyloid precursor / NACP


Mass: 14476.108 Da / Num. of mol.: 5
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: SNCA, NACP, PARK1 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P37840
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: FILAMENT / 3D reconstruction method: helical reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: alpha-synuclein amyloid fibril / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: all / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightExperimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Buffer solutionpH: 7
Buffer component
IDConc.NameFormulaBuffer-ID
110 mMphosphatePO41
2137 mMsodium chlorideNaCl1
32.7 mMpotassium chlorideKCl1
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE-PROPANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 130000 X / Nominal defocus max: 3000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 800 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm / C2 aperture diameter: 70 µm / Alignment procedure: COMA FREE
Specimen holderCryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER
Image recordingAverage exposure time: 1 sec. / Electron dose: 69 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Num. of real images: 1164
EM imaging opticsEnergyfilter name: GIF Bioquantum / Energyfilter slit width: 20 eV

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
2EPUimage acquisition
12RELION4.0.0classification
13RELION4.0.03D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Helical symmertyAngular rotation/subunit: -0.95 ° / Axial rise/subunit: 4.79 Å / Axial symmetry: C1
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.26 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 19800 / Symmetry type: HELICAL
Atomic model buildingProtocol: AB INITIO MODEL / Space: REAL

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