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- EMDB-16889: Cryo-EM structure of ADP-bound, filamentous beta-actin harboring ... -

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Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-16889
TitleCryo-EM structure of ADP-bound, filamentous beta-actin harboring the N111S mutation
Map dataSharpened, local-resolution filtered cryo-EM density map of filamentous beta-actin harboring the N111S mutation.
Sample
  • Complex: Actin filament harboring the N111S mutation.
    • Protein or peptide: Actin, cytoplasmic 1, N-terminally processed
  • Ligand: ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE
  • Ligand: MAGNESIUM ION
  • Ligand: water
KeywordsActin filament / cytoskeletal protein / ATPase / STRUCTURAL PROTEIN
Function / homology
Function and homology information


positive regulation of norepinephrine uptake / cellular response to cytochalasin B / bBAF complex / npBAF complex / nBAF complex / brahma complex / regulation of transepithelial transport / Formation of annular gap junctions / morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium / Formation of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) ...positive regulation of norepinephrine uptake / cellular response to cytochalasin B / bBAF complex / npBAF complex / nBAF complex / brahma complex / regulation of transepithelial transport / Formation of annular gap junctions / morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium / Formation of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) / structural constituent of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton / GBAF complex / Gap junction degradation / Folding of actin by CCT/TriC / regulation of G0 to G1 transition / protein localization to adherens junction / Cell-extracellular matrix interactions / dense body / postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton / Tat protein binding / Prefoldin mediated transfer of substrate to CCT/TriC / RSC-type complex / regulation of double-strand break repair / regulation of nucleotide-excision repair / Adherens junctions interactions / RHOF GTPase cycle / adherens junction assembly / apical protein localization / Sensory processing of sound by outer hair cells of the cochlea / Interaction between L1 and Ankyrins / tight junction / SWI/SNF complex / regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition / Sensory processing of sound by inner hair cells of the cochlea / positive regulation of T cell differentiation / apical junction complex / regulation of norepinephrine uptake / positive regulation of double-strand break repair / transporter regulator activity / maintenance of blood-brain barrier / nitric-oxide synthase binding / cortical cytoskeleton / NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex / establishment or maintenance of cell polarity / positive regulation of stem cell population maintenance / Regulation of MITF-M-dependent genes involved in pigmentation / Recycling pathway of L1 / brush border / regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle / kinesin binding / EPH-ephrin mediated repulsion of cells / negative regulation of cell differentiation / RHO GTPases Activate WASPs and WAVEs / regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis / positive regulation of myoblast differentiation / RHO GTPases activate IQGAPs / regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane / positive regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination / EPHB-mediated forward signaling / cytoskeleton organization / substantia nigra development / axonogenesis / calyx of Held / nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity / Translocation of SLC2A4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane / FCGR3A-mediated phagocytosis / actin filament / adherens junction / positive regulation of cell differentiation / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) / cell motility / RHO GTPases Activate Formins / Signaling by high-kinase activity BRAF mutants / MAP2K and MAPK activation / DNA Damage Recognition in GG-NER / kinetochore / Regulation of actin dynamics for phagocytic cup formation / B-WICH complex positively regulates rRNA expression / structural constituent of cytoskeleton / Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on acid anhydrides to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement / platelet aggregation / VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway / tau protein binding / Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse / nuclear matrix / cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule / Signaling by RAF1 mutants / Signaling by moderate kinase activity BRAF mutants / Paradoxical activation of RAF signaling by kinase inactive BRAF / Signaling downstream of RAS mutants / cell-cell junction / UCH proteinases / Signaling by BRAF and RAF1 fusions / nucleosome / presynapse / lamellipodium / actin cytoskeleton / Clathrin-mediated endocytosis / HATs acetylate histones / Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production
Similarity search - Function
Actins signature 1. / Actin, conserved site / Actins signature 2. / Actin/actin-like conserved site / Actins and actin-related proteins signature. / Actin / Actin family / Actin / ATPase, nucleotide binding domain
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Actin, cytoplasmic 1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.3 Å
AuthorsOosterheert W / Blanc FEC / Roy A / Belyy A / Hofnagel O / Hummer G / Bieling P / Raunser S
Funding support Germany, European Union, 3 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Max Planck Society Germany
Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Germany
European Research Council (ERC)856118European Union
CitationJournal: Nat Struct Mol Biol / Year: 2023
Title: Molecular mechanisms of inorganic-phosphate release from the core and barbed end of actin filaments.
Authors: Wout Oosterheert / Florian E C Blanc / Ankit Roy / Alexander Belyy / Micaela Boiero Sanders / Oliver Hofnagel / Gerhard Hummer / Peter Bieling / Stefan Raunser /
Abstract: The release of inorganic phosphate (P) from actin filaments constitutes a key step in their regulated turnover, which is fundamental to many cellular functions. The mechanisms underlying P release ...The release of inorganic phosphate (P) from actin filaments constitutes a key step in their regulated turnover, which is fundamental to many cellular functions. The mechanisms underlying P release from the core and barbed end of actin filaments remain unclear. Here, using human and bovine actin isoforms, we combine cryo-EM with molecular-dynamics simulations and in vitro reconstitution to demonstrate how actin releases P through a 'molecular backdoor'. While constantly open at the barbed end, the backdoor is predominantly closed in filament-core subunits and opens only transiently through concerted amino acid rearrangements. This explains why P escapes rapidly from the filament end but slowly from internal subunits. In a nemaline-myopathy-associated actin variant, the backdoor is predominantly open in filament-core subunits, resulting in accelerated P release and filaments with drastically shortened ADP-P caps. Our results provide the molecular basis for P release from actin and exemplify how a disease-linked mutation distorts the nucleotide-state distribution and atomic structure of the filament.
History
DepositionMar 22, 2023-
Header (metadata) releaseAug 9, 2023-
Map releaseAug 9, 2023-
UpdateNov 22, 2023-
Current statusNov 22, 2023Processing site: PDBe / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_16889.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_16889.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 216 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
AnnotationSharpened, local-resolution filtered cryo-EM density map of filamentous beta-actin harboring the N111S mutation.
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
0.7 Å/pix.
x 384 pix.
= 266.88 Å		0.7 Å/pix.
x 384 pix.
= 266.88 Å		0.7 Å/pix.
x 384 pix.
= 266.88 Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

Slices (1/2)

Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 0.695 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.0375
Minimum - Maximum-0.16569497 - 0.39300117
Average (Standard dev.)0.00015015746 (±0.0064122896)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions384384384
Spacing384384384
CellA=B=C: 266.88 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Mask #1

Fileemd_16889_msk_1.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Additional map: 3D refined, unsharpened cryo-EM density map of filamentous...

Fileemd_16889_additional_1.map
Annotation3D refined, unsharpened cryo-EM density map of filamentous beta-actin harboring the N111S mutation.
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: Half map 1 of the refinement of filamentous...

Fileemd_16889_half_map_1.map
AnnotationHalf map 1 of the refinement of filamentous beta-actin harboring the N111S mutation.
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: Half map 2 of the refinement of filamentous...

Fileemd_16889_half_map_2.map
AnnotationHalf map 2 of the refinement of filamentous beta-actin harboring the N111S mutation.
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Sample components

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Entire : Actin filament harboring the N111S mutation.

EntireName: Actin filament harboring the N111S mutation.
Components
  • Complex: Actin filament harboring the N111S mutation.
    • Protein or peptide: Actin, cytoplasmic 1, N-terminally processed
  • Ligand: ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE
  • Ligand: MAGNESIUM ION
  • Ligand: water

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Supramolecule #1: Actin filament harboring the N111S mutation.

SupramoleculeName: Actin filament harboring the N111S mutation. / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1
Details: Beta-actin was expressed as fusion protein, with thymosin beta4 and a deca-His-tag fused to the actin C-terminus. During the purification, thymosin beta-4 and the deca-His-tag were removed. ...Details: Beta-actin was expressed as fusion protein, with thymosin beta4 and a deca-His-tag fused to the actin C-terminus. During the purification, thymosin beta-4 and the deca-His-tag were removed. Actin was purified as monomer from insect cells. It was then polymerized into a filament in vitro.
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Macromolecule #1: Actin, cytoplasmic 1, N-terminally processed

MacromoleculeName: Actin, cytoplasmic 1, N-terminally processed / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 5 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 41.73659 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
SequenceString: MDDDIAALVV DNGSGMCKAG FAGDDAPRAV FPSIVGRPRH QGVMVGMGQK DSYVGDEAQS KRGILTLKYP IE(HIC)GIV TNW DDMEKIWHHT FYNELRVAPE EHPVLLTEAP LSPKANREKM TQIMFETFNT PAMYVAIQAV LSLYASGRTT GIVMDSG DG VTHTVPIYEG ...String:
MDDDIAALVV DNGSGMCKAG FAGDDAPRAV FPSIVGRPRH QGVMVGMGQK DSYVGDEAQS KRGILTLKYP IE(HIC)GIV TNW DDMEKIWHHT FYNELRVAPE EHPVLLTEAP LSPKANREKM TQIMFETFNT PAMYVAIQAV LSLYASGRTT GIVMDSG DG VTHTVPIYEG YALPHAILRL DLAGRDLTDY LMKILTERGY SFTTTAEREI VRDIKEKLCY VALDFEQEMA TAASSSSL E KSYELPDGQV ITIGNERFRC PEALFQPSFL GMESAGIHET TFNSIMKCDV DIRKDLYANT VLSGGTTMYP GIADRMQKE ITALAPSTMK IKIIAPPERK YSVWIGGSIL ASLSTFQQMW ISKQEYDESG PSIVHRKCF

UniProtKB: Actin, cytoplasmic 1

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Macromolecule #2: ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE

MacromoleculeName: ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / type: ligand / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 5 / Formula: ADP
Molecular weightTheoretical: 427.201 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-ADP:
ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / ADP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

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Macromolecule #3: MAGNESIUM ION

MacromoleculeName: MAGNESIUM ION / type: ligand / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 5 / Formula: MG
Molecular weightTheoretical: 24.305 Da

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Macromolecule #4: water

MacromoleculeName: water / type: ligand / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 616 / Formula: HOH
Molecular weightTheoretical: 18.015 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation statefilament

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Sample preparation

Concentration2.5 mg/mL
BufferpH: 7.1
Component:
ConcentrationNameFormula
10.0 mMHEPES
100.0 mMpotassium chlorideKCl
2.0 mMmagnesium chlorideMgCl2
1.0 mMEGTA
0.02 % (v/v)Tween20

Details: 1x KMEH (10 mM HEPES pH 7.1, 100 mM KCl, 2 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EGTA) supplemented with 0.02% Tween20 (v/v)
GridModel: Quantifoil R2/1 / Material: COPPER / Mesh: 300 / Support film - Material: CARBON / Support film - topology: HOLEY / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE / Pretreatment - Time: 90 sec.
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE-PROPANE / Chamber humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 286 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV
DetailsActin filaments were reconstituted by adding salt to monomeric actin.

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TITAN KRIOS
Specialist opticsEnergy filter - Name: GIF Bioquantum / Energy filter - Slit width: 15 eV
DetailsTitan Krios G3 microscope was aligned using Sherpa (FEI). Data collected in superresolution mode.
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Number grids imaged: 1 / Number real images: 9516 / Average electron dose: 70.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsC2 aperture diameter: 50.0 µm / Illumination mode: SPOT SCAN / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Cs: 2.7 mm / Nominal defocus max: 2.0 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.8 µm / Nominal magnification: 130000
Sample stageSpecimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER / Cooling holder cryogen: NITROGEN
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

DetailsK3 operated in super-resolution mode.
Particle selectionNumber selected: 2001281 / Details: crYOLO in filament mode.
Startup modelType of model: EMDB MAP
EMDB ID:

15109

Final reconstructionApplied symmetry - Point group: C1 (asymmetric) / Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 2.3 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 3.1.0)
Details: The final refinement was performed from local searches in RELION.
Number images used: 1756928
Initial angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD / Software - Name: SPHIRE (ver. 1.4)
Details: First 3D refinement was performed in helical SPHIRE with meridien alpha, which imposes helical restraints to limit particle shifts to the helical rise to prevent particle duplication, but ...Details: First 3D refinement was performed in helical SPHIRE with meridien alpha, which imposes helical restraints to limit particle shifts to the helical rise to prevent particle duplication, but does not apply helical symmetry
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 3.1.0)
Final 3D classificationNumber classes: 8 / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 3.1.0)
Details: 3D classification without image alignment was performed in RELION to remove particles that did not contain high-resolution information.
FSC plot (resolution estimation)

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Atomic model buiding 1

Initial modelPDB ID:

8a2t


Chain - Source name: PDB / Chain - Initial model type: experimental model
Detailschain C of pdb 8A2T (including all water molecules) was fit in the central actin subunit of the density map. After substitution of all alpha-actin specific amino-acids to the corresponding beta-actin residues, introducing the N111S mutation, and further manual model building in Coot, the resulting model was fitted in four more actin subunits (chains A, B, D, E) in the density map. The filament was modeled as a pentamer to capture the full interaction interface of the central subunit with its four neighboring subunits. All water molecules were first manually built, inspected and adjusted in the central subunit, and were then copied to the other chains with non-crystallographic symmetry (NCS). Because the local resolution was worse at the periphery of the reconstruction, we removed water molecules that displayed poor corresponding cryo-EM density in the non-central actin chains. The model was refined in Phenix real-space refine with NCS restraints but without Ramachandran and rotamer restraints.
RefinementSpace: REAL / Protocol: FLEXIBLE FIT
Output model

PDB-8oid:
Cryo-EM structure of ADP-bound, filamentous beta-actin harboring the N111S mutation

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