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- PDB-7kj3: SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein with two ACE2 Bound -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 7kj3
TitleSARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein with two ACE2 Bound
Components
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
  • Spike glycoprotein
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN/HYDROLASE / VIRAL PROTEIN / VIRAL PROTEIN-HYDROLASE complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


positive regulation of amino acid transport / angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 / positive regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane / Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Metallocarboxypeptidases / angiotensin-mediated drinking behavior / regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin / tryptophan transport / positive regulation of gap junction assembly / regulation of cardiac conduction / regulation of vasoconstriction ...positive regulation of amino acid transport / angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 / positive regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane / Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Metallocarboxypeptidases / angiotensin-mediated drinking behavior / regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin / tryptophan transport / positive regulation of gap junction assembly / regulation of cardiac conduction / regulation of vasoconstriction / peptidyl-dipeptidase activity / maternal process involved in female pregnancy / angiotensin maturation / Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins / negative regulation of signaling receptor activity / carboxypeptidase activity / Attachment and Entry / positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction / viral life cycle / regulation of cytokine production / blood vessel diameter maintenance / negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation / brush border membrane / regulation of transmembrane transporter activity / cilium / negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade / metallopeptidase activity / positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process / endocytic vesicle membrane / virus receptor activity / regulation of cell population proliferation / regulation of inflammatory response / endopeptidase activity / Maturation of spike protein / viral translation / Translation of Structural Proteins / Virion Assembly and Release / host cell surface / host extracellular space / suppression by virus of host tetherin activity / Potential therapeutics for SARS / Induction of Cell-Cell Fusion / structural constituent of virion / entry receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell / host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane / membrane fusion / receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell / Attachment and Entry / positive regulation of viral entry into host cell / receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell / receptor ligand activity / host cell surface receptor binding / symbiont-mediated suppression of host innate immune response / symbiont entry into host cell / membrane raft / apical plasma membrane / endoplasmic reticulum lumen / fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane / fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane / viral envelope / virion attachment to host cell / SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses / host cell plasma membrane / virion membrane / cell surface / extracellular space / extracellular exosome / zinc ion binding / extracellular region / identical protein binding / membrane / plasma membrane
Similarity search - Function
Collectrin domain / Renal amino acid transporter / Collectrin-like domain profile. / Peptidase M2, peptidyl-dipeptidase A / Angiotensin-converting enzyme / Peptidase family M2 domain profile. / Neutral zinc metallopeptidases, zinc-binding region signature. / Spike (S) protein S1 subunit, receptor-binding domain, SARS-CoV-2 / Spike (S) protein S1 subunit, N-terminal domain, SARS-CoV-like / Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1, C-terminal ...Collectrin domain / Renal amino acid transporter / Collectrin-like domain profile. / Peptidase M2, peptidyl-dipeptidase A / Angiotensin-converting enzyme / Peptidase family M2 domain profile. / Neutral zinc metallopeptidases, zinc-binding region signature. / Spike (S) protein S1 subunit, receptor-binding domain, SARS-CoV-2 / Spike (S) protein S1 subunit, N-terminal domain, SARS-CoV-like / Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1, C-terminal / Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1, C-terminal / Spike glycoprotein, betacoronavirus / Spike glycoprotein, N-terminal domain superfamily / Betacoronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein S1 subunit N-terminal (NTD) domain profile. / Betacoronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein S1 subunit C-terminal (CTD) domain profile. / Spike (S) protein S1 subunit, receptor-binding domain, betacoronavirus / Spike S1 subunit, receptor binding domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Spike glycoprotein S1, N-terminal domain, betacoronavirus-like / Betacoronavirus-like spike glycoprotein S1, N-terminal / Betacoronavirus spike glycoprotein S1, receptor binding / Spike glycoprotein S2, coronavirus, heptad repeat 1 / Spike glycoprotein S2, coronavirus, heptad repeat 2 / Coronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein S2 subunit heptad repeat 1 (HR1) region profile. / Coronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein S2 subunit heptad repeat 2 (HR2) region profile. / Spike glycoprotein S2 superfamily, coronavirus / Spike glycoprotein S2, coronavirus / Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S2
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Spike glycoprotein / Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Homo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.7 Å
AuthorsZhang, J. / Xiao, T.S. / Cai, Y.F. / Chen, B.
Funding support United States, 4items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute Of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID)AI147884 United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute Of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID)AI147884 01A1S1 United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute Of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID)AI141002 United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute Of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID)AI127193 United States
Citation
Journal: Nat Struct Mol Biol / Year: 2021
Title: A trimeric human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent.
Authors: Tianshu Xiao / Jianming Lu / Jun Zhang / Rebecca I Johnson / Lindsay G A McKay / Nadia Storm / Christy L Lavine / Hanqin Peng / Yongfei Cai / Sophia Rits-Volloch / Shen Lu / Brian D Quinlan ...Authors: Tianshu Xiao / Jianming Lu / Jun Zhang / Rebecca I Johnson / Lindsay G A McKay / Nadia Storm / Christy L Lavine / Hanqin Peng / Yongfei Cai / Sophia Rits-Volloch / Shen Lu / Brian D Quinlan / Michael Farzan / Michael S Seaman / Anthony Griffiths / Bing Chen /
Abstract: Effective intervention strategies are urgently needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a membrane-bound carboxypeptidase that forms a dimer and serves ...Effective intervention strategies are urgently needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a membrane-bound carboxypeptidase that forms a dimer and serves as the cellular receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). ACE2 is also a key negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system that modulates vascular functions. We report here the properties of a trimeric ACE2 ectodomain variant, engineered using a structure-based approach. The trimeric ACE2 variant has a binding affinity of ~60 pM for the spike protein of SARS‑CoV‑2 (compared with 77 nM for monomeric ACE2 and 12-22 nM for dimeric ACE2 constructs), and its peptidase activity and the ability to block activation of angiotensin II receptor type 1 in the renin-angiotensin system are preserved. Moreover, the engineered ACE2 potently inhibits SARS‑CoV‑2 infection in cell culture. These results suggest that engineered, trimeric ACE2 may be a promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent for treating COVID-19.
#1: Journal: bioRxiv / Year: 2020
Title: A trimeric human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent in vitro.
Authors: Tianshu Xiao / Jianming Lu / Jun Zhang / Rebecca I Johnson / Lindsay G A McKay / Nadia Storm / Christy L Lavine / Hanqin Peng / Yongfei Cai / Sophia Rits-Volloch / Shen Lu / Brian D Quinlan ...Authors: Tianshu Xiao / Jianming Lu / Jun Zhang / Rebecca I Johnson / Lindsay G A McKay / Nadia Storm / Christy L Lavine / Hanqin Peng / Yongfei Cai / Sophia Rits-Volloch / Shen Lu / Brian D Quinlan / Michael Farzan / Michael S Seaman / Anthony Griffiths / Bing Chen
Abstract: Effective intervention strategies are urgently needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a carboxypeptidase that forms a dimer and serves as the ...Effective intervention strategies are urgently needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a carboxypeptidase that forms a dimer and serves as the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2. It is also a key negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), conserved in mammals, which modulates vascular functions. We report here the properties of a trimeric ACE2 variant, created by a structure-based approach, with binding affinity of ~60 pM for the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, while preserving the wildtype peptidase activity as well as the ability to block activation of angiotensin II receptor type 1 in the RAS. Moreover, the engineered ACE2 potently inhibits infection of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture. These results suggest that engineered, trimeric ACE2 may be a promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent for treating COVID-19.
History
DepositionOct 25, 2020Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Nov 11, 2020Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Jan 20, 2021Group: Database references / Category: citation / citation_author
Revision 1.2Jan 27, 2021Group: Database references / Category: citation / citation_author
Item: _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _citation_author.identifier_ORCID
Revision 1.3Feb 24, 2021Group: Database references / Category: citation
Item: _citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first / _citation.page_last
Revision 1.4Oct 23, 2024Group: Data collection / Database references ...Data collection / Database references / Refinement description / Structure summary
Category: chem_comp_atom / chem_comp_bond ...chem_comp_atom / chem_comp_bond / citation / database_2 / em_3d_fitting_list / em_admin / pdbx_entry_details / pdbx_initial_refinement_model / pdbx_modification_feature
Item: _citation.journal_id_ISSN / _database_2.pdbx_DOI ..._citation.journal_id_ISSN / _database_2.pdbx_DOI / _database_2.pdbx_database_accession / _em_3d_fitting_list.accession_code / _em_3d_fitting_list.initial_refinement_model_id / _em_3d_fitting_list.source_name / _em_3d_fitting_list.type / _em_admin.last_update / _pdbx_entry_details.has_protein_modification

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Structure visualization

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Spike glycoprotein
B: Spike glycoprotein
C: Spike glycoprotein
D: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
E: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)569,06665
Polymers551,7295
Non-polymers17,33660
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: gel filtration
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein Spike glycoprotein / S glycoprotein / E2 / Peplomer protein


Mass: 136559.938 Da / Num. of mol.: 3 / Mutation: K986P,V987P
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: S, 2 / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P0DTC2
#2: Protein Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 / Angiotensin-converting enzyme homolog / ACEH / Angiotensin-converting enzyme-related ...Angiotensin-converting enzyme homolog / ACEH / Angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase / ACE-related carboxypeptidase / Metalloprotease MPROT15


Mass: 71024.711 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: ACE2, UNQ868/PRO1885 / Production host: Homo sapiens (human)
References: UniProt: Q9BYF1, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Metallocarboxypeptidases
#3: Polysaccharide
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 424.401 Da / Num. of mol.: 20
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-Glycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/1,2,1/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1-1/a4-b1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#4: Sugar...
ChemComp-NAG / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose / N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-glucose / N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE


Type: D-saccharide, beta linking / Mass: 221.208 Da / Num. of mol.: 40 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C8H15NO6 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
IdentifierTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcbCONDENSED IUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
N-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosamineCOMMON NAMEGMML 1.0
b-D-GlcpNAcIUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLPDB-CARE 1.0
GlcNAcSNFG CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein with two ACE2 Bound / Type: COMPLEX / Details: SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein with two ACE2 Bound / Entity ID: #1-#2 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 540 kDa/nm / Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)
IDEntity assembly-IDOrganismNcbi tax-ID
11Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 22697049
21Homo sapiens (human)9606
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
Buffer component
IDConc.NameFormulaBuffer-ID
10.3 mol/lsodium chlorideNaCl1
20.02 mol/lTris hydrochlorideTris-HCl1
SpecimenConc.: 1 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277.15 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD
Image recordingElectron dose: 50.05 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k)

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Processing

SoftwareName: PHENIX / Version: 1.18.2_3874: / Classification: refinement
EM software
IDNameCategory
7Cootmodel fitting
11RELIONclassification
12RELION3D reconstruction
13PHENIXmodel refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 407761
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.7 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 13515 / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingProtocol: AB INITIO MODEL
Atomic model building

3D fitting-ID: 1 / Source name: PDB / Type: experimental model

IDPDB-IDPdb chain-IDAccession codeInitial refinement model-IDPdb chain residue range
16VYB

6vyb

A6VYB114-1211
26M17

6m17

B6M17220-610
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.01334419
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d1.75846796
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d17.11112432
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.1555436
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0145943

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