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Structure paper

TitleStructures of dynamic interactors at native proteasomes by PhIX-MS and cryo-electron microscopy.
Journal, issue, pagesMol Cell, Vol. 86, Issue 15, Page 3067-3085.e13, Year 2026
Publish dateAug 6, 2026
AuthorsKitaik Lee / Hitendra Negi / Xiang Chen / Katerina Atallah-Yunes / Sophia Truslow / Rithik E Castelino / Mary R Guest / Anthony M Ciancone / Xiuxiu Lu / Sergey G Tarasov / Raj Chari / Kylie J Walters / Francis J O'Reilly /
PubMed AbstractMolecular machines rely on dynamic, low-affinity interactions to perform their functional roles. We developed PhIX-MS (photo-induced in situ crosslinking-mass spectrometry), a structural proteomics ...Molecular machines rely on dynamic, low-affinity interactions to perform their functional roles. We developed PhIX-MS (photo-induced in situ crosslinking-mass spectrometry), a structural proteomics workflow to capture topological information for such transient interactions in cells by UV-activated crosslinking. Applying PhIX-MS with cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to proteasomes, we mapped the redox sensor TXNL1 at the proteasome regulatory particle (RP), including its dynamic thioredoxin-like domain near RPN2/PSMD1 and RPN13/ADRM1, where it is ideal for reducing substrates prior to proteolysis. RPs without the proteolytic core particle (CP) were structurally resolved while bound to TXNL1 and/or the chaperone PSMD5/S5b, which inserts its C terminus into the ATPase pore, causing extensive structural rearrangements. Additionally, PhIX-MS and AlphaFold identified the ubiquitin ligase UBE3C/Hul5 at RPN2, RPN3, and a dynamic RPN10 region, tethering UBE3C above the substrate entry channel. Our integrative approach enables the localization of native, low-affinity protein interactions and is broadly applicable to dynamic macromolecular assemblies.
External linksMol Cell / PubMed:42476128
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.02 - 5.35 Å
Structure data

EMDB-71737, PDB-9pmj:
Human 19S proteasome bound to TXNL1 PITH domain without C-terminus
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.22 Å

EMDB-71740, PDB-9pmo:
Human 26S proteasome bound to TXNL1 with opened gate of core particle
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.82 Å

EMDB-71741, PDB-9pmq:
Human 26S proteasome bound to TXNL1 with closed gate of core particle
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.0 Å

EMDB-71791: Human 19S proteasome regulatory particle (RP) without observing TXNL1 PITH domain bound
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.92 Å

EMDB-71795: Human 19S proteasome regulatory particle (RP) without observing TXNL1 PITH domain bound but with extra density adjacent to RPT1/RPT2
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.24 Å

EMDB-71810, PDB-9pro:
Human 19S proteasome bound to TXNL1 PITH domain and PSMD5
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.07 Å

EMDB-71813, PDB-9prt:
Human 19S proteasome bound to TXNL1 PITH domain but with low density for RPT1, RPT2, and RPN1
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.02 Å

EMDB-76283, PDB-12bm:
Human 19S proteasome bound to TXNL1 PITH domain state 2
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.89 Å

EMDB-76415: Human 19S proteasome regulatory particle bound to TXNL1 PITH domain and p28
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 5.35 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-ADP:
ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / ADP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

ChemComp-AGS:
PHOSPHOTHIOPHOSPHORIC ACID-ADENYLATE ESTER / ATP-gamma-S, energy-carrying molecule analogue*YM

ChemComp-MG:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-ZN:
Unknown entry

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
KeywordsHYDROLASE / Proteasome / 19S / RP / TXNL1 / 26S / PSMD5

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