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TitleBottom-up reconstruction of synthetic pyrenoids provides insights into the mechanisms and evolution of carbon concentration by EPYC1 proteins.
Journal, issue, pagesNat Plants, Vol. 12, Issue 8, Page 1622-1636, Year 2026
Publish dateAug 14, 2026
AuthorsA M Küffner / B Pommerenke / L Kley / J Z Y Ng / S Prinz / M Tinzl-Zechner / L Schulz / P Claus / N Paczia / T Chotel / M Klose / J Zarzycki / G K A Hochberg / T J Erb /
PubMed AbstractMembraneless organelles play essential roles in many cellular processes. In various photosynthetic organisms, they are a crucial part of CO/carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) that increase ...Membraneless organelles play essential roles in many cellular processes. In various photosynthetic organisms, they are a crucial part of CO/carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) that increase photosynthetic productivity. One example is the pyrenoid in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a liquid-phase-separated organelle that localizes and improves CO fixation via the intrinsically disordered protein essential pyrenoid component 1 (EPYC1). Modern-day pyrenoids are complex structures with an elaborate cellular architecture and dozens of components, raising the question of how they could have developed from simpler condensates. Here we develop a bottom-up approach to study the function of EPYC1s and explore their sequence-function space across phylogenetic diversity and evolution. We demonstrate that extant and ancestral EPYC1 sequences induce phase separation of Rubisco into synthetic pyrenoids with functional CCMs. Surprisingly, these CCMs are mainly based on enhanced carboxylation rates (rather than increased specificity), offering new insights into the construction, function and evolution of natural and synthetic pyrenoids.
External linksNat Plants / PubMed:42601498 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle) / X-ray diffraction
Resolution2.3 - 2.93 Å
Structure data

52579

9i28

EMDB-52579, PDB-9i28:
Form II Rubisco inside EPYC1-formed liquid-liquid phase separated condensates with bound Magnesium and CABP
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.93 Å

PDB-9i26:
inactive Form II Rubisco from Rhodospirillum rubrum
Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION / Resolution: 2.3 Å

PDB-9i27:
activated Form II Rubisco from Rhodospirillum rubrum with bound Magnesium and CABP
Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION / Resolution: 2.3 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

ChemComp-MG:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-CAP:
2-CARBOXYARABINITOL-1,5-DIPHOSPHATE

Source
  • rhodospirillum rubrum atcc 11170 (bacteria)
KeywordsLYASE / ribulose-1 / 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase / Rubisco

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