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Structure paper

TitleStructural basis of lipid head group entry to the Kennedy pathway by FLVCR1.
Journal, issue, pagesNature, Vol. 629, Issue 8012, Page 710-716, Year 2024
Publish dateMay 1, 2024
AuthorsYeeun Son / Timothy C Kenny / Artem Khan / Kıvanç Birsoy / Richard K Hite /
PubMed AbstractPhosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, the two most abundant phospholipids in mammalian cells, are synthesized de novo by the Kennedy pathway from choline and ethanolamine, respectively. ...Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, the two most abundant phospholipids in mammalian cells, are synthesized de novo by the Kennedy pathway from choline and ethanolamine, respectively. Despite the essential roles of these lipids, the mechanisms that enable the cellular uptake of choline and ethanolamine remain unknown. Here we show that the protein encoded by FLVCR1, whose mutation leads to the neurodegenerative syndrome posterior column ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa, transports extracellular choline and ethanolamine into cells for phosphorylation by downstream kinases to initiate the Kennedy pathway. Structures of FLVCR1 in the presence of choline and ethanolamine reveal that both metabolites bind to a common binding site comprising aromatic and polar residues. Despite binding to a common site, FLVCR1 interacts in different ways with the larger quaternary amine of choline in and with the primary amine of ethanolamine. Structure-guided mutagenesis identified residues that are crucial for the transport of ethanolamine, but dispensable for choline transport, enabling functional separation of the entry points into the two branches of the Kennedy pathway. Altogether, these studies reveal how FLVCR1 is a high-affinity metabolite transporter that serves as the common origin for phospholipid biosynthesis by two branches of the Kennedy pathway.
External linksNature / PubMed:38693265
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.42 - 3.02 Å
Structure data

42107

8ubw

EMDB-42107, PDB-8ubw:
Choline-bound FLVCR1
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.59 Å

42108

8ubx

EMDB-42108, PDB-8ubx:
Ethanolamine-bound FLVCR1
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.5 Å

42109

8uby

EMDB-42109, PDB-8uby:
Choline-bound FLVCR1
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.67 Å

42110

8ubz

EMDB-42110, PDB-8ubz:
Choline-bound FLVCR1
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.02 Å

42111

8uc0

EMDB-42111, PDB-8uc0:
Endogenous ligand bound FLVCR1
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.42 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-Y01:
CHOLESTEROL HEMISUCCINATE

ChemComp-CHT:
CHOLINE ION / Choline

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER / Water

ChemComp-ETA:
ETHANOLAMINE / Ethanolamine

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
KeywordsTRANSPORT PROTEIN / Choline / ethanolamine / membrane transport

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