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TitleMechanism of lipid-dependent cold sensitivity in a model ion channel.
Journal, issue, pagesNat Commun, Year 2026
Publish dateApr 10, 2026
AuthorsChieh-Chin Li / Crina M Nimigean /
PubMed AbstractTemperature sensing enables organisms to detect and respond to environmental changes. While temperature-responsive ion channels are key to this process, the physico-chemical mechanisms by which they ...Temperature sensing enables organisms to detect and respond to environmental changes. While temperature-responsive ion channels are key to this process, the physico-chemical mechanisms by which they sense temperature remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the molecular details of temperature sensing in the model bacterial channel, SthK from Spirochaeta thermophila. We show that SthK is cold sensitive, displaying higher activity below 30 °C. Remarkably, SthK cold sensitivity depends strongly on membrane lipids, being sensitive in amine-containing lipids but insensitive in anionic lipids. Combining cryo-EM structural analysis, mutagenesis, and functional assays, we identify an intersubunit salt bridge that acts as temperature sensor. This salt bridge forms only in closed states, and determines channel opening by controlling closed-state stability. Lower temperatures weaken salt-bridge interactions, favoring channel opening, and lipid headgroups tune temperature sensitivity by modulating salt-bridge strength. These findings highlight how thermosensitivity can emerge from cooperative interactions between protein and the surrounding membrane.
External linksNat Commun / PubMed:41963351
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.51 - 2.79 Å
Structure data

70988

9oxl

EMDB-70988, PDB-9oxl:
SthK closed state at low temperature, cAMP-bound in the presence of DOPE
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.62 Å

70989

9oxm

EMDB-70989, PDB-9oxm:
SthK intermediate state at low temperature, cAMP-bound in the presence of DOPE
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.79 Å

75424

10rx

EMDB-75424, PDB-10rx:
SthK closed state at low temperature, cAMP-bound in DOPC nanodiscs
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.51 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-CMP:
ADENOSINE-3',5'-CYCLIC-MONOPHOSPHATE

ChemComp-PCW:
1,2-DIOLEOYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE / DOPC, phospholipid*YM

ChemComp-PEE:
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine / DOPE, phospholipid*YM

Source
  • spirochaeta thermophila (bacteria)
  • winmispira thermophila (bacteria)
KeywordsTRANSPORT PROTEIN / cyclic nucleotide-gated channel / lipid modulation / pacemaker channel / potassium channel / thermoreceptor

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