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TitleTranslational activators align mRNAs at the small mitoribosomal subunit for translation initiation.
Journal, issue, pagesNat Struct Mol Biol, Year 2025
Publish dateDec 3, 2025
AuthorsJoseph B Bridgers / Andreas Carlström / Dawafuti Sherpa / Mary T Couvillion / Urška Rovšnik / Jingjing Gao / Bowen Wan / Sichen Shao / Martin Ott / L Stirling Churchman /
PubMed AbstractMitochondrial gene expression is essential for oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial-encoded mRNAs are translated by dedicated mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes), whose regulation remains ...Mitochondrial gene expression is essential for oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial-encoded mRNAs are translated by dedicated mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes), whose regulation remains elusive. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, nuclear-encoded mitochondrial translational activators (TAs) facilitate transcript-specific translation by a yet unknown mechanism. Here, we investigated the function of TAs containing RNA-binding pentatricopeptide repeats using selective mitoribosome profiling and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structural analysis. These analyses show that TAs exhibit strong selectivity for mitoribosomes initiating on their target transcripts. Moreover, TA-mitoribosome footprints indicate that TAs recruit mitoribosomes proximal to the start codon. Two cryo-EM structures of mRNA-TA complexes bound to mitoribosomes stalled in the post-initiation, pre-elongation state revealed the general mechanism of TA action. Specifically, the TAs bind to structural elements in the 5' untranslated region of the client mRNA and the mRNA channel exit to align the mRNA in the small subunit during initiation. Our findings provide a mechanistic basis for understanding how mitochondria achieve transcript-specific translation initiation without relying on general sequence elements to position mitoribosomes at start codons.
External linksNat Struct Mol Biol / PubMed:41339860
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.82 - 4.4 Å
Structure data

EMDB-48387: Translational activators Aep1, Aep2 and Atp25 in complex with mRNA and the yeast mitochondrial ribosome
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.4 Å

EMDB-48388: Translational activators Aep1, Aep2 and Atp25 in complex with mRNA and the yeast mitochondrial ribosome (Small ribosomal subunit)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.6 Å

EMDB-48390: Translational activators Aep1, Aep2 and Atp25 in complex with mRNA and the yeast mitochondrial ribosome (large ribosomal subunit)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.9 Å

EMDB-48700: Translational activators Aep1, Aep2 and Atp25 in complex with mRNA and the yeast mitochondrial ribosome (composite map SSU and Aep1-Aep2-Atp25 complex)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.6 Å

EMDB-52235: Translational activators Aep1, Aep2 and Atp25 in complex with mRNA and the yeast mitochondrial ribosome (consensus)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.0 Å

EMDB-52252: Translational activators Aep1, Aep2 and Atp25 in complex with mRNA and the yeast mitochondrial ribosome (focused on the SSU body)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.96 Å

EMDB-52256: Translational activators Aep1, Aep2 and Atp25 in complex with mRNA and the yeast mitochondrial ribosome (focused on the SSU head)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.93 Å

EMDB-52257: Translational activators Aep1, Aep2 and Atp25 in complex with mRNA and the yeast mitochondrial ribosome (focused on the LSU)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.93 Å

EMDB-52270: Translational activators Aep1, Aep2 and Atp25 in complex with mRNA and the yeast mitochondrial ribosome (focused on Aep1-Aep2-Atp25)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.76 Å

EMDB-52276: Translational activator Aep3 in complex with mRNA and the yeast mitochondrial ribosome (focused on Aep3)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.69 Å

EMDB-52277: Translational activator Aep3 in complex with mRNA and the yeast mitochondrial ribosome (consensus map)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.96 Å

EMDB-52278: Translational activator Aep3 in complex with mRNA and the yeast mitochondrial ribosome (focused on the SSU)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.02 Å

EMDB-52279: Translational activator Aep3 in complex with mRNA and the yeast mitochondrial ribosome (focused on the SSU head)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.01 Å

EMDB-52280: Translational activator Aep3 in complex with mRNA and the yeast mitochondrial ribosome (focused on the LSU)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.82 Å

52281

9hlz

EMDB-52281, PDB-9hlz:
Translational activators Aep1, Aep2 and Atp25 in complex with mRNA and the yeast mitochondrial ribosome
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.2 Å

52283

9hm0

EMDB-52283, PDB-9hm0:
Translational activator Aep3 in complex with mRNA and the yeast mitochondrial ribosome
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.0 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-MG:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-GTP:
GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / GTP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

Source
  • saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
  • saccharomyces cerevisiae w303 (yeast)
KeywordsRIBOSOME / Mitoribosome / translation

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