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- PDB-9zpl: Cryo-EM structure of the complete Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA po... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9zpl
TitleCryo-EM structure of the complete Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase II in open clamp conformation
Components
  • (DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit ...) x 7
  • (DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit ...) x 5
KeywordsTRANSCRIPTION / RNA polymerase II / Conformations / Promoter loading / Eukaryote
Function / homology
Function and homology information


RPB4-RPB7 complex / nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay / RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation / Processing of Capped Intron-Containing Pre-mRNA / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 1 Promoter / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 2 Promoter / RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE / Formation of the Early Elongation Complex / mRNA Capping / Formation of TC-NER Pre-Incision Complex ...RPB4-RPB7 complex / nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay / RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation / Processing of Capped Intron-Containing Pre-mRNA / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 1 Promoter / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 2 Promoter / RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE / Formation of the Early Elongation Complex / mRNA Capping / Formation of TC-NER Pre-Incision Complex / Estrogen-dependent gene expression / RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape / RNA polymerase II transcribes snRNA genes / TP53 Regulates Transcription of DNA Repair Genes / RNA Polymerase II Promoter Escape / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Pre-Initiation And Promoter Opening / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation And Promoter Clearance / RNA Polymerase II Pre-transcription Events / RNA-templated transcription / positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening / Gap-filling DNA repair synthesis and ligation in TC-NER / termination of RNA polymerase II transcription / termination of RNA polymerase I transcription / Dual incision in TC-NER / maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II / positive regulation of translational initiation / nucleolar large rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase I / transcription initiation at RNA polymerase I promoter / transcription by RNA polymerase III / nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process / termination of RNA polymerase III transcription / transcription initiation at RNA polymerase III promoter / RNA polymerase I complex / RNA polymerase III complex / transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I / RNA polymerase II, core complex / tRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III / transcription by RNA polymerase I / proteasome storage granule / transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair / translesion synthesis / translation initiation factor binding / DNA-templated transcription elongation / DNA-templated transcription initiation / P-body / transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter / transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II / mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II / transcription by RNA polymerase II / ribonucleoside binding / DNA-directed RNA polymerase / cytoplasmic stress granule / DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity / peroxisome / single-stranded DNA binding / nucleic acid binding / protein dimerization activity / single-stranded RNA binding / nucleotide binding / mRNA binding / nucleolus / mitochondrion / DNA binding / zinc ion binding / nucleoplasm / nucleus / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit Rpb4-like / RNA polymerase Rpb4/RPC9, core / DNA-directed RNA-polymerase II subunit / RNA polymerase Rpb1 C-terminal repeat / RNA polymerase II, heptapeptide repeat, eukaryotic / Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II heptapeptide repeat. / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 6 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 6 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 7 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 7 superfamily ...DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit Rpb4-like / RNA polymerase Rpb4/RPC9, core / DNA-directed RNA-polymerase II subunit / RNA polymerase Rpb1 C-terminal repeat / RNA polymerase II, heptapeptide repeat, eukaryotic / Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II heptapeptide repeat. / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 6 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 6 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 7 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 7 superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 7 / Rpb4/RPC9 superfamily / Pol II subunit B9, C-terminal zinc ribbon / RNA polymerase RBP11 / RNA polymerase subunit Rpb4/RPC9 / RNA polymerase Rpb4 / Zinc finger TFIIS-type signature. / RNA polymerase Rpb7-like , N-terminal / RNA polymerase Rpb7-like, N-terminal domain superfamily / RNA polymerase subunit Rpb7-like / SHS2 domain found in N terminus of Rpb7p/Rpc25p/MJ0397 / HRDC-like superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 5 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 5 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 4 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 4 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, M/15kDa subunit / RNA polymerases M/15 Kd subunit / RNA polymerase subunit 9 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase M, 15kDa subunit, conserved site / RNA polymerases M / 15 Kd subunits signature. / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit/transcription factor S / RNA polymerase, Rpb8 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC4 / RNA polymerase Rpb8 / RNA polymerase subunit 8 / RNA polymerase, Rpb5, N-terminal / RNA polymerase Rpb5, N-terminal domain superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb5, N-terminal domain / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit RPB6 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit RPABC5/Rpb10 / RNA polymerases, subunit N, zinc binding site / RNA polymerase subunit RPB10 / RNA polymerases N / 8 kDa subunit / RNA polymerases N / 8 Kd subunits signature. / RNA polymerase, subunit H/Rpb5, conserved site / RNA polymerases H / 23 Kd subunits signature. / DNA directed RNA polymerase, 7 kDa subunit / Zinc finger, TFIIS-type / RNA polymerase archaeal subunit P/eukaryotic subunit RPABC4 / Transcription factor S-II (TFIIS) / Zinc finger TFIIS-type profile. / C2C2 Zinc finger / RNA polymerase subunit CX / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, 30-40kDa subunit, conserved site / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit Rpo3/Rpb3/RPAC1 / RNA polymerases D / 30 to 40 Kd subunits signature. / DNA-directed RNA polymerase Rpb11, 13-16kDa subunit, conserved site / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit Rpo11 / RNA polymerases L / 13 to 16 Kd subunits signature. / RNA polymerase subunit RPABC4/transcription elongation factor Spt4 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, RBP11-like dimerisation domain / RNA polymerase Rpb3/Rpb11 dimerisation domain / RNA polymerase, subunit H/Rpb5 C-terminal / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit Rpo5/Rpb5 / RPB5-like RNA polymerase subunit superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb5, C-terminal domain / Archaeal Rpo6/eukaryotic RPB6 RNA polymerase subunit / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, 14-18kDa subunit, conserved site / RNA polymerases K / 14 to 18 Kd subunits signature. / Ribosomal protein S1-like RNA-binding domain / S1 RNA binding domain / S1 domain / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit beta-prime / RNA polymerase Rpb6 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 2 superfamily / RNA polymerase, subunit omega/Rpo6/RPB6 / RNA polymerase Rpb6 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 3 superfamily / RPB6/omega subunit-like superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb1, clamp domain superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 2 / RNA polymerase, beta subunit, protrusion / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 2 / RNA polymerase beta subunit / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 3 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 3 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, insert domain / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, RpoA/D/Rpb3-type / RNA polymerase Rpb3/RpoA insert domain / RNA polymerase Rpb3/Rpb11 dimerisation domain / RNA polymerases D / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 1 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 1 / RNA polymerase, alpha subunit / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 2 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 5 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 4 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 5 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 4
Similarity search - Domain/homology
DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB2 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB3 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB4 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC1 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC2 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB9 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB7 ...DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB2 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB3 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB4 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC1 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC2 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB9 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB7 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB11 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC4
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesSaccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.75 Å
AuthorsFordjour, G.N.R. / Murakami, K. / Armache, J.-P. / Murakami, K.S.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)R35 GM156623 United States
CitationJournal: J Biol Chem / Year: 2026
Title: Clamp conformational flexibility and dynamics in archaeal and eukaryotic RNA polymerases revealed by cryo-EM.
Authors: George N R Fordjour / Leon Palao / Kenji Murakami / Jean-Paul Armache / Katsuhiko S Murakami /
Abstract: All cellular RNA polymerases (RNAPs) across Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya share a conserved catalytic core, yet bacterial and archaeal-eukaryotic RNAPs diverged after separation from the last ...All cellular RNA polymerases (RNAPs) across Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya share a conserved catalytic core, yet bacterial and archaeal-eukaryotic RNAPs diverged after separation from the last universal common ancestor. This evolutionary split produced distinct subunit compositions and fundamentally different requirements for external factors during transcription initiation. Bacterial RNAP relies on a σ factor, whereas archaeal-eukaryotic RNAPs require a more extensive set of general transcription factors (GTFs) to bind promoter DNA, unwind the duplex, and position the template strand within the active site cleft. Notably, despite the close structural similarity between archaeal and eukaryotic RNAPs, the requirement for GTFs became further specialized after the emergence of Eukarya. This divergence raises the question of whether differences in intrinsic conformational flexibility and dynamics of these RNAPs contribute to distinct promoter-loading pathways. In this study, we addressed this question using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to examine archaeal RNAPs from Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota alongside yeast RNAP II. Archaeal RNAP displays a highly dynamic DNA binding clamp domain that samples a broad spectrum of open and closed states, whereas RNAP II predominantly adopts a closed clamp state. Both archaeal and eukaryotic RNAPs can be found in stalk-bound and stalk-less forms. Comparative structural analyses further reveal a unique conformational transition in crenarchaeal RNAP associated with clamp opening. Together, these findings define the intrinsic clamp-conformational landscapes across the archaeal-eukaryotic lineage and suggest that evolutionary tuning of clamp flexibility and dynamics contributes to distinct GTF-dependent promoter-loading mechanisms.
History
DepositionDec 16, 2025Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Aug 5, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Revision 1.2Sep 9, 2026Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / em_admin / Item: _citation.journal_volume / _em_admin.last_update
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
C: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB3
E: DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC1
F: DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC2
G: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB7
I: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB9
J: DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5
K: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB11
L: DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC4
A: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1
B: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB2
H: DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3
D: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB4
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)514,61619
Polymers514,15812
Non-polymers4587
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

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DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit ... , 7 types, 7 molecules CGIKABD

#1: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB3 / RNA polymerase II subunit 3 / RNA polymerase II subunit B3 / B44.5 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II ...RNA polymerase II subunit 3 / RNA polymerase II subunit B3 / B44.5 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II 45 kDa polypeptide


Mass: 35330.457 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P16370
#4: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB7 / RNA polymerase II subunit B7 / B16


Mass: 19081.053 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P34087
#5: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB9 / RNA polymerase II subunit B9 / B12.6 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II 14.2 kDa polypeptide / DNA- ...RNA polymerase II subunit B9 / B12.6 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II 14.2 kDa polypeptide / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit 9


Mass: 14308.161 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P27999
#7: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB11 / RNA polymerase II subunit B11 / B13.6 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II 13.6 kDa polypeptide


Mass: 13633.493 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P38902
#9: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1 / RNA polymerase II subunit 1 / RNA polymerase II subunit B1 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase III ...RNA polymerase II subunit 1 / RNA polymerase II subunit B1 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase III largest subunit / RNA polymerase II subunit B220


Mass: 191821.578 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P04050, DNA-directed RNA polymerase
#10: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB2 / RNA polymerase II subunit 2 / B150 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II 140 kDa polypeptide


Mass: 138937.297 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P08518, DNA-directed RNA polymerase
#12: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB4 / RNA polymerase II subunit B4 / B32 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II 32 kDa polypeptide


Mass: 25451.191 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P20433

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DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit ... , 5 types, 5 molecules EFJLH

#2: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC1 / RNA polymerases I / II / and III subunit ABC1 / ABC27 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I / and III 27 ...RNA polymerases I / II / and III subunit ABC1 / ABC27 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I / and III 27 kDa polypeptide


Mass: 25117.094 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P20434
#3: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC2


Mass: 17931.834 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P20435
#6: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5 / RNA polymerases I / II / and III subunit ABC5 / ABC10-beta / ABC8 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I ...RNA polymerases I / II / and III subunit ABC5 / ABC10-beta / ABC8 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I / and III 8.3 kDa polypeptide


Mass: 8290.732 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P22139
#8: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC4 / RNA polymerases I / II / and III subunit ABC4 / ABC10-alpha


Mass: 7729.969 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P40422
#11: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3 / RNA polymerases I / II / and III subunit ABC3 / ABC14.4 / ABC14.5 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I ...RNA polymerases I / II / and III subunit ABC3 / ABC14.4 / ABC14.5 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I / and III 14.5 kDa polypeptide


Mass: 16525.363 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P20436

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Non-polymers , 1 types, 7 molecules

#13: Chemical
ChemComp-ZN / ZINC ION


Mass: 65.409 Da / Num. of mol.: 7 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Zn

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Details

Has ligand of interestN
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: RNA polymerase / Type: ORGANELLE OR CELLULAR COMPONENT / Entity ID: #9-#10, #1, #12, #2-#4, #11, #5-#8 / Source: NATURAL
Source (natural)Organism: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Talos Arctica / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TALOS ARCTICA
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 200 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: -2200 nm / Nominal defocus min: -800 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k)

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Processing

EM software
IDNameCategory
1cryoSPARCparticle selection
12cryoSPARC3D reconstruction
13PHENIXmodel refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.75 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 59723 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementCross valid method: NONE
Stereochemistry target values: GeoStd + Monomer Library + CDL v1.2
Displacement parametersBiso mean: 221.83 Å2
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00330911
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.676441740
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0474692
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.00485422
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d4.78074154

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