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- PDB-9y7g: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE A149T VARIANT OF SERINE HYDROXYMETHYLTRA... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9y7g
TitleCRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE A149T VARIANT OF SERINE HYDROXYMETHYLTRANSFERASE 8 FROM SOYBEAN CULTIVAR FORREST IN COMPLEX WITH PLP
ComponentsSerine hydroxymethyltransferase
KeywordsTRANSFERASE / enzyme / missense variant
Function / homology
Function and homology information


glycine hydroxymethyltransferase / glycine hydroxymethyltransferase activity / : / tetrahydrofolate interconversion / methyltransferase activity / pyridoxal phosphate binding / methylation
Similarity search - Function
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, pyridoxal phosphate binding site / Serine hydroxymethyltransferase pyridoxal-phosphate attachment site. / : / Serine hydroxymethyltransferase / Serine hydroxymethyltransferase-like domain / Serine hydroxymethyltransferase / Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, small domain / Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, major domain / Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesGlycine max (soybean)
MethodX-RAY DIFFRACTION / SYNCHROTRON / MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT / Resolution: 1.87 Å
AuthorsBeamer, L.J. / Samarakoon, V. / Owuocha, L.F.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Science Foundation (NSF, United States)IOS 2152548 United States
CitationJournal: FEBS J / Year: 2026
Title: Oligomeric defects in soybean serine hydroxymethyltransferase 8: tetramer destabilization by A149T and other variants associated with soybean cyst nematode resistance.
Authors: Vindya Samarakoon / David P Buckley / Luckio F Owuocha / Clarissa L Durie / Melissa G Mitchum / Lesa J Beamer /
Abstract: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is a conserved enzyme in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism, where it contributes to nucleotide biosynthesis, methylation capacity, and cellular stress ...Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is a conserved enzyme in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism, where it contributes to nucleotide biosynthesis, methylation capacity, and cellular stress responses. Amino acid polymorphisms of soybean SHMT8 are known to affect the resistance of soybean to its primary pathogen, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN). A set of SHMT8 variants from ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized soybean populations has been identified with varying resistance phenotypes, but their biochemical consequences remain poorly understood. Here, we use biochemical and structural studies to assess the impacts of the A149T variant on soybean SHMT8. Despite the conservative nature of the substitution, A149T reduces folate binding, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent catalysis, and thermal stability. High-resolution crystal structures (1.9-2.3 Å resolution) reveal only very minor structural changes. However, while the usual tetrameric assembly of the enzyme is retained at the high protein concentration in crystals, multiple other methods including a 2.9 Å cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure show that the A149T variant is predominantly a dimer. Significant structural changes in the dimer are consistent with the observed biochemical impacts of the variant and help explain the well-known reduction in activity associated with dimerization of SHMT in other systems. We also find destabilization of the tetrameric assembly in other SHMT8 variants associated with changes in SCN resistance, suggesting that weakened oligomerization may be a common consequence of such mutations. Together, these results highlight quaternary structure as a critical determinant of SHMT8 activity and stability and suggest a potential mechanistic link between enzyme biochemistry and soybean defense.
History
DepositionSep 10, 2025Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Apr 8, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 2.0May 6, 2026Group: Advisory / Atomic model ...Advisory / Atomic model / Data collection / Database references / Derived calculations / Polymer sequence / Source and taxonomy / Structure summary
Category: atom_site / atom_site_anisotrop ...atom_site / atom_site_anisotrop / entity / entity_poly / entity_poly_seq / entity_src_gen / pdbx_modification_feature / pdbx_nonpoly_scheme / pdbx_poly_seq_scheme / pdbx_struct_mod_residue / pdbx_struct_sheet_hbond / pdbx_unobs_or_zero_occ_atoms / pdbx_unobs_or_zero_occ_residues / struct_conf / struct_conn / struct_mon_prot_cis / struct_ref_seq / struct_ref_seq_dif / struct_sheet_range
Item: _atom_site.B_iso_or_equiv / _atom_site.Cartn_x ..._atom_site.B_iso_or_equiv / _atom_site.Cartn_x / _atom_site.Cartn_y / _atom_site.Cartn_z / _atom_site.label_seq_id / _atom_site_anisotrop.pdbx_label_seq_id / _entity.formula_weight / _entity_poly.pdbx_seq_one_letter_code / _entity_poly.pdbx_seq_one_letter_code_can / _entity_src_gen.pdbx_end_seq_num / _pdbx_modification_feature.label_seq_id / _pdbx_nonpoly_scheme.auth_seq_num / _pdbx_struct_mod_residue.label_seq_id / _pdbx_struct_sheet_hbond.range_1_label_seq_id / _pdbx_struct_sheet_hbond.range_2_label_seq_id / _pdbx_unobs_or_zero_occ_atoms.label_seq_id / _struct_conf.beg_label_seq_id / _struct_conf.end_label_seq_id / _struct_conn.ptnr1_label_seq_id / _struct_conn.ptnr2_label_seq_id / _struct_mon_prot_cis.label_seq_id / _struct_mon_prot_cis.pdbx_label_seq_id_2 / _struct_ref_seq.seq_align_beg / _struct_ref_seq.seq_align_end / _struct_sheet_range.beg_label_seq_id / _struct_sheet_range.end_label_seq_id
Revision 2.1May 13, 2026Group: Database references / Category: citation / citation_author
Item: _citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev ..._citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev / _citation.journal_id_CSD / _citation.journal_id_ISSN / _citation.pdbx_database_id_DOI / _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _citation.year

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
B: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
C: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
D: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
E: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
F: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)330,3616
Polymers330,3616
Non-polymers00
Water18,8261045
1
A: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
B: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
C: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
D: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)220,2414
Polymers220,2414
Non-polymers00
Water724
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1
2
E: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
F: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase

E: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
F: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)220,2414
Polymers220,2414
Non-polymers00
Water724
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1
crystal symmetry operation4_555y,x,-z1
Unit cell
Length a, b, c (Å)175.184, 175.184, 183.569
Angle α, β, γ (deg.)90.000, 90.000, 120.000
Int Tables number152
Space group name H-MP3121
Space group name HallP312"
Symmetry operation#1: x,y,z
#2: -y,x-y,z+1/3
#3: -x+y,-x,z+2/3
#4: x-y,-y,-z+2/3
#5: -x,-x+y,-z+1/3
#6: y,x,-z

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Components

#1: Protein
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase


Mass: 55060.230 Da / Num. of mol.: 6 / Mutation: A149T
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Glycine max (soybean) / Gene: SHMT / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
References: UniProt: K4FW35, glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
#2: Water ChemComp-HOH / water


Mass: 18.015 Da / Num. of mol.: 1045 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Formula: H2O
Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: X-RAY DIFFRACTION / Number of used crystals: 1

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Sample preparation

CrystalDensity Matthews: 2.49 Å3/Da / Density % sol: 50.55 %
Crystal growTemperature: 293 K / Method: vapor diffusion, sitting drop
Details: 0.1 M Sodium acetate trihydrate pH 7.0 12% w/v Polyethylene glycol 3,350

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Data collection

DiffractionMean temperature: 100 K / Serial crystal experiment: N
Diffraction sourceSource: SYNCHROTRON / Site: ALS / Beamline: 4.2.2 / Wavelength: 1 Å
DetectorType: RDI CMOS_8M / Detector: CMOS / Date: Oct 17, 2024
RadiationProtocol: SINGLE WAVELENGTH / Monochromatic (M) / Laue (L): M / Scattering type: x-ray
Radiation wavelengthWavelength: 1 Å / Relative weight: 1
ReflectionResolution: 1.87→48.75 Å / Num. obs: 265645 / % possible obs: 99.6 % / Redundancy: 10.2 % / Biso Wilson estimate: 25.83 Å2 / CC1/2: 0.998 / Rmerge(I) obs: 0.207 / Rpim(I) all: 0.067 / Rrim(I) all: 0.218 / Net I/σ(I): 10.1
Reflection shellResolution: 1.87→1.89 Å / Redundancy: 10.3 % / Rmerge(I) obs: 2.918 / Num. unique obs: 12788 / CC1/2: 0.323 / Rpim(I) all: 0.938 / Rrim(I) all: 3.067 / % possible all: 97.4

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Processing

Software
NameVersionClassification
PHENIX1.21.2_5419refinement
XDSdata reduction
Aimlessdata scaling
PHASERphasing
RefinementMethod to determine structure: MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT / Resolution: 1.87→48.75 Å / SU ML: 0.2628 / Cross valid method: FREE R-VALUE / σ(F): 1 / Phase error: 30.0726
Stereochemistry target values: GeoStd + Monomer Library + CDL v1.2
RfactorNum. reflection% reflection
Rfree0.2523 13252 5.01 %
Rwork0.2172 251386 -
obs0.219 264638 99.23 %
Solvent computationShrinkage radii: 0.9 Å / VDW probe radii: 1.1 Å / Solvent model: FLAT BULK SOLVENT MODEL
Displacement parametersBiso mean: 33.94 Å2
Refinement stepCycle: LAST / Resolution: 1.87→48.75 Å
ProteinNucleic acidLigandSolventTotal
Num. atoms21085 0 0 1045 22130
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
X-RAY DIFFRACTIONf_bond_d0.006621579
X-RAY DIFFRACTIONf_angle_d0.870629311
X-RAY DIFFRACTIONf_chiral_restr0.04893203
X-RAY DIFFRACTIONf_plane_restr0.00733825
X-RAY DIFFRACTIONf_dihedral_angle_d14.53517627
LS refinement shell
Resolution (Å)Rfactor RfreeNum. reflection RfreeRfactor RworkNum. reflection RworkRefine-ID% reflection obs (%)
1.87-1.890.38354580.34348100X-RAY DIFFRACTION96.91
1.89-1.910.36674540.33478140X-RAY DIFFRACTION97.48
1.91-1.940.34494290.32588252X-RAY DIFFRACTION98.07
1.94-1.960.35594190.31768246X-RAY DIFFRACTION98.72
1.96-1.990.34964300.30568366X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.18
1.99-2.010.32594820.29928342X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.72
2.01-2.040.30524600.28968337X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.65
2.04-2.070.34634290.29128346X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.77
2.07-2.110.33825240.29088311X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.72
2.11-2.140.30134470.26998340X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.6
2.14-2.180.30694230.26388382X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.81
2.18-2.220.30674340.25828399X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.65
2.22-2.260.29854590.25878370X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.81
2.26-2.310.28584350.24418436X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.71
2.31-2.360.31034100.24468364X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.7
2.36-2.410.27724410.23978407X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.77
2.41-2.470.30954050.23118410X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.62
2.47-2.540.27724310.23048446X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.73
2.54-2.610.26014360.22638380X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.57
2.61-2.70.28284130.23358447X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.45
2.7-2.790.2764420.23398329X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.32
2.79-2.910.27024750.22658332X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.11
2.91-3.040.27614350.22518407X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.14
3.04-3.20.25754520.21638408X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.24
3.2-3.40.2634510.2138367X-RAY DIFFRACTION98.95
3.4-3.660.21464540.19578409X-RAY DIFFRACTION98.91
3.66-4.030.19334150.16948434X-RAY DIFFRACTION98.82
4.03-4.610.17884320.1568493X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.06
4.61-5.810.19274370.16648575X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.61
5.81-48.750.18424400.17668811X-RAY DIFFRACTION99.29
Refinement TLS params.

Method: refined / Refine-ID: X-RAY DIFFRACTION

IDL112)L122)L132)L222)L232)L332)S11 (Å °)S12 (Å °)S13 (Å °)S21 (Å °)S22 (Å °)S23 (Å °)S31 (Å °)S32 (Å °)S33 (Å °)T112)T122)T132)T222)T232)T332)Origin x (Å)Origin y (Å)Origin z (Å)
10.642891581175-0.108061507307-0.7366395181470.647567029234-0.03847159586970.59098620327-0.1864854256230.4295634661390.8215685821310.0848804599056-0.105298074604-0.305969857387-1.37497939303E-50.0846628034011-0.357864512190.1865855601090.0121607159698-0.1380576455910.04588215109980.03391920205260.6313757326114.753463916626.479712243-1.35477804728
20.781423826547-0.2109893976590.1503692206610.467956265884-0.06975153549910.493495256669-0.001219348551470.146281066678-0.08733733641810.0564133339997-0.0694934527362-0.1502699270660.07283800490470.0274046483561-1.99910975351E-50.1927306508020.006367004673790.02751031884820.2190610237370.001144862996710.23654617834117.4263129841-3.37431179383-5.73045567851
30.591309771791-0.2010449410240.09742229702970.5146827723140.1086106735160.308250367475-0.07919352037880.1438519491540.3017012445610.061371198427-0.0482405692671-0.09651593716210.09005044413860.0517707192433-3.77219059334E-50.1960361437910.009375810960650.004217393091780.1931458641030.04327882540570.25303132152925.19158811297.49721508671-1.0090745572
40.67354315461-0.108254871666-0.3691874906620.4390675345120.5264681829091.69298259626-0.324971804068-0.4191410500310.690839793410.5836126432330.0825291298654-0.3912366987590.208461767090.801609285336-0.935161277130.164128400233-0.013322248671-0.2125922404590.153955251632-0.1348022692530.51787167948136.234846916514.494740291218.1569154503
50.6154475295760.2031964533460.3457806604531.062106781920.01591818778550.2158406821580.0222280387592-0.048072302934-0.1674806273980.0528439521204-0.0218592393694-0.08784142094210.0152485865118-0.0161752352004-0.0001669620338810.244244704036-0.03612027021350.03558666342270.21545699913-0.004994898779270.2599747628-7.8152623739-33.47847661775.12991794923
60.764328121540.318589680280.06157854858160.6326247777170.1491683095510.3228577526440.0180243546630.0370867757861-0.271804957253-0.02371771198180.0528051661132-0.0967661159874-0.007297891770050.04240034600960.0006837382439120.254309042633-0.02288960132770.02804657626550.188264757601-0.04106510286290.328806942533-2.27238213976-45.3956899263-2.23141508502
70.967936620528-0.3189158033610.12428145920.972273220515-0.01516351720410.06157933739360.01631058420450.0029627912386-0.1070981536540.0811535062395-0.02841084520270.05005036666080.03628175837680.0103624070467-0.0004840581770370.1695771844770.0150600908886-0.02734852486910.1875353537540.01992103177620.16182169573370.844732277539.12594961861.5152396224
80.752545723523-0.3419507992480.08668890064850.9612202967920.1165319641760.335116067631-0.0390495043820.0101730322011-0.1755832601840.00490384017548-0.01708284545980.2780287800680.03421824087140.0105896882593-0.0002482066295770.1676050264720.0120317844509-0.0191616194890.1608014955270.01030711324810.24205135539965.628998174127.7512618412-5.73322956051
90.2966160736370.387981506723-0.1682102989290.598435855602-0.2750664055980.1828994026380.1553473664290.1370739556050.102509285841-0.1524532715550.005021781539210.5675535685190.2692317733890.03166570749440.2523613110270.2586034938270.0863822499778-0.2472511637710.363758417365-0.1103799696220.41938255010852.361045770229.6639828794-20.3695694547
100.418213013541-0.208591332887-0.02326921838770.4026439961990.03061429209210.128595060938-0.01910921565580.0213868662456-0.140084233118-0.0460783810156-0.06263575733710.272143251928-0.00495737492541-0.0105982589723-9.39166903313E-60.1904746309240.035330157331-0.02910975856170.229188457334-0.0181436719970.31208560756755.796755792748.9260136566-3.61017641823
110.695014712121-0.22849276362-0.05113172454530.393276204120.05978490978290.2372446695290.006186444662870.005964772932830.24196472888-0.0110552686063-0.0356837012759-0.141477317729-0.0524566096030.0189346362544.51233706262E-60.1884974785830.022910803513-0.0256777866310.2081765553970.056379631860.31065549568578.604385524865.5578815718-8.27673111139
120.924435769574-0.168181796808-0.04304548463680.4730699930730.1437707295690.509275395335-0.00165415155481-0.0273060308760.20548733601-0.0745798593689-0.05808969081540.0806722527386-0.1137152472940.0296710608342-0.0004208339339060.1634452195540.0184342278199-0.0362825118260.1754126165280.01299378976070.22375020828965.545399344670.8272698940.81260648058
130.269905584985-0.01488367294610.1921696867240.5080408406630.1054915291290.0676060989954-0.214766915783-0.247319970751-0.02386590959680.1319737304430.102866287070.3976650445930.0416336000318-0.04694146638260.009772045345570.2057004552890.07209959972260.04144739513670.34950959664-0.0491433037450.31281262815853.955949258169.095222441616.8070675209
140.38386388687-0.0358271435596-0.06016653146260.4249658427120.3664180728930.29149501367-0.008497005545780.05255425818030.135980500944-0.07032626094520.0241452853311-0.133185436944-0.008756501612570.0686247690239-0.0006732576164450.149758143625-0.0214953259041-0.02831109582970.2136049586350.04101361734740.204868927552134.23480481150.1072641307-3.96530343997
150.7233707307520.1854994744850.2173481022170.4155125383980.06276138395120.327755468033-0.003951254257970.0213349125917-0.125554798189-0.019175311689-0.01567894440170.18468325831-0.000836350291225-0.0244744826855-0.001127502039490.1840404065490.00234105841946-0.04701898592750.2499390237090.005005336465490.192856484122109.95689770533.5970923421-10.7207320908
160.190046184318-0.00420489388816-0.08588723691220.2277745046160.005035885532590.200721656946-0.0462390526580.09247113145930.184289121195-0.1269457727520.06521472277730.0473491264306-0.01488222689720.01606983559210.06008896139140.21219770856-0.00476797011108-0.04165462638390.242777612750.03115116073360.0960733456747118.94205809944.2428435731-16.5005109478
170.436185266949-0.1586977922450.2933642633510.5367821635180.1139873099950.4117156630410.047737462241-0.0786298768692-0.1743536060430.09539168291470.00596555058364-0.05447124035390.0677851204708-0.1131332170038.41193560884E-60.2191416135290.000769162352788-0.03718245493930.2454444563720.03371837304220.21097904221129.44617819821.61832241916.32880671754
181.002780494130.0297877584701-0.1405185667710.6650813598420.2828059251990.376209576437-0.0164422298512-0.02559054386960.2572000392270.0272384735167-0.0189122438880.0680544539058-0.0342983812391-0.0296697478826-1.05851957926E-50.161016071193-1.42039325654E-5-0.02582824217050.2114270154160.0002540231038030.230305454168119.0799024859.26219821752.54954930995
190.631370948133-0.0303727491170.1294306810520.4743223830440.1109286517630.64419252431-0.0533577823886-0.03251243079630.3427658519260.0178487123986-0.0516501501085-0.0616012357864-0.139229286010.0265274790749-0.04650838677980.13268900097-0.0155118321168-0.05248322727540.1465290773090.06211804878210.300292445257126.82805773570.2881186805-4.34611217137
Refinement TLS group

Refine-ID: X-RAY DIFFRACTION

IDRefine TLS-IDSelection detailsAuth asym-IDLabel asym-IDAuth seq-IDLabel seq-ID
11chain 'E' and (resid -1 through 89 )EE-1 - 891 - 91
22chain 'E' and (resid 90 through 241 )EE90 - 24192 - 243
33chain 'E' and (resid 242 through 401 )EE242 - 401244 - 394
44chain 'E' and (resid 402 through 470 )EE402 - 470395 - 463
55chain 'F' and (resid 0 through 241 )FF0 - 2411 - 242
66chain 'F' and (resid 242 through 470 )FF242 - 470243 - 467
77chain 'A' and (resid -1 through 257 )AA-1 - 2571 - 259
88chain 'A' and (resid 258 through 426 )AA258 - 426260 - 420
99chain 'A' and (resid 427 through 470 )AA427 - 470421 - 464
1010chain 'B' and (resid -1 through 89 )BB-1 - 891 - 91
1111chain 'B' and (resid 90 through 257 )BB90 - 25792 - 259
1212chain 'B' and (resid 258 through 426 )BB258 - 426260 - 415
1313chain 'B' and (resid 427 through 470 )BB427 - 470416 - 459
1414chain 'C' and (resid -1 through 89 )CC-1 - 891 - 91
1515chain 'C' and (resid 90 through 241 )CC90 - 24192 - 243
1616chain 'C' and (resid 242 through 308 )CC242 - 308244 - 310
1717chain 'C' and (resid 309 through 470 )CC309 - 470311 - 468
1818chain 'D' and (resid 0 through 241 )DD0 - 2411 - 242
1919chain 'D' and (resid 242 through 470 )DD242 - 470243 - 464

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