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- PDB-9vmm: human CTPS1 with 2CTP and DON -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9vmm
Titlehuman CTPS1 with 2CTP and DON
ComponentsCTP synthase 1
KeywordsSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN / CTP synthase / CTP / DON / cytosolic protein
Function / homology
Function and homology information


cytoophidium / CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolysing) / CTP synthase activity / 'de novo' CTP biosynthetic process / pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process / Interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates / CTP biosynthetic process / nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process / B cell proliferation / T cell proliferation ...cytoophidium / CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolysing) / CTP synthase activity / 'de novo' CTP biosynthetic process / pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process / Interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates / CTP biosynthetic process / nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process / B cell proliferation / T cell proliferation / response to xenobiotic stimulus / ATP binding / identical protein binding / membrane / cytosol / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
CTP synthase / CTP synthase, N-terminal / CTP synthase GATase domain / CTP synthase N-terminus / Glutamine amidotransferase / Glutamine amidotransferase class-I / Glutamine amidotransferase type 1 domain profile. / Class I glutamine amidotransferase-like / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
CYTIDINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / CTP synthase 1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.3 Å
AuthorsGuo, C.J. / Bao, X.J. / Liu, J.L.
Funding support China, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) China
CitationJournal: Cell Biosci / Year: 2025
Title: Filamentation of hCTPS1 with CTP.
Authors: Chen-Jun Guo / Xiaojie Bao / Ji-Long Liu /
Abstract: CTP synthase (CTPS) is a key enzyme in de novo CTP synthesis, playing a critical role in nucleotide metabolism and cellular proliferation. Human CTPS1 (hCTPS1), one of the two CTPS isoforms, is ...CTP synthase (CTPS) is a key enzyme in de novo CTP synthesis, playing a critical role in nucleotide metabolism and cellular proliferation. Human CTPS1 (hCTPS1), one of the two CTPS isoforms, is essential for immune responses and is highly expressed in proliferating cells, making it a promising therapeutic target for immune-related diseases and cancer. Despite its importance, the regulatory mechanisms governing hCTPS1 activity remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal that CTP, the product of CTPS, acts as a key regulator for hCTPS1 filamentation. Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we resolve the high-resolution structure of CTP-bound hCTPS1 filaments, uncovering the molecular details of CTP binding and its role in filament assembly. Importantly, we demonstrate that CTP generated from the enzymatic reaction does not trigger filament disassembly, suggesting a conserved regulatory pattern. Furthermore, by analyzing the binding modes of two distinct CTP-binding pockets, we provide evidence that this filamentation mechanism is evolutionarily conserved across species, particularly in eukaryotic CTPS. Our findings not only elucidate a novel regulatory mechanism of hCTPS1 activity but also deepen the understanding of how metabolic enzymes utilize filamentation as a conserved strategy for functional regulation. This study opens new avenues for targeting hCTPS1 in therapeutic interventions.
History
DepositionJun 28, 2025Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBC
Revision 1.0Dec 24, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Dec 24, 2025Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Revision 1.0Dec 24, 2025Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Dec 24, 2025Data content type: Mask / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Mask / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Dec 24, 2025Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: CTP synthase 1
B: CTP synthase 1
C: CTP synthase 1
D: CTP synthase 1
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)271,16920
Polymers267,1094
Non-polymers4,06016
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein
CTP synthase 1 / CTP synthetase 1 / UTP--ammonia ligase 1


Mass: 66777.297 Da / Num. of mol.: 4
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: CTPS1, CTPS / Production host: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
References: UniProt: P17812, CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolysing)
#2: Chemical
ChemComp-CTP / CYTIDINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE


Mass: 483.156 Da / Num. of mol.: 8 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C9H16N3O14P3 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#3: Chemical
ChemComp-MG / MAGNESIUM ION


Mass: 24.305 Da / Num. of mol.: 8 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Mg / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: hCTPS1 with 2CTP and DON / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Buffer solutionpH: 8
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1200 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 60 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM software
IDNameCategory
1RELIONparticle selection
12UCSF Chimera3D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.3 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 989280 / Symmetry type: POINT

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