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- PDB-9uoe: Glycogen phosphorylase tetramer from E. coli -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9uoe
TitleGlycogen phosphorylase tetramer from E. coli
ComponentsAlpha-1,4 glucan phosphorylase
KeywordsSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN / glycogen metabolism / cryo-EM / gut bacteria
Function / homology:
Function and homology information
Biological speciesEscherichia coli BL21 (bacteria)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.63 Å
AuthorsTakai, M. / Fukuda, Y. / Inoue, T.
Funding support Japan, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Japan
CitationJournal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A / Year: 2026
Title: Structural and mechanistic diversity of glycogen phosphorylases from gut bacteria.
Authors: Keigo Shobu / Mayu Takai / Hiroki Tanino / Yohta Fukuda / Tsuyoshi Inoue /
Abstract: Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) plays a central role in glycogen metabolism. While the structure and regulation of mammalian GPs have been extensively studied, the corresponding mechanisms in gut ...Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) plays a central role in glycogen metabolism. While the structure and regulation of mammalian GPs have been extensively studied, the corresponding mechanisms in gut bacterial GPs remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate GPs from (GP), (GP), and (GP), which represent three phylogenetic clades of GPs, using enzymatic assays, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and X-ray crystallography. We find that GP forms a unique pentamer that undergoes adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-dependent assembly into a dimer-of-pentamer, which inhibits activity by restricting substrate access to the catalytic site. GP exists in equilibrium among monomers, dimers, and tetramers, with AMP promoting tetramer dissociation and enhancing catalytic efficiency. In contrast, GP remains predominantly monomeric and is unresponsive to AMP. These findings uncover structural and regulatory diversity among gut bacterial GPs. Notably, the oligomeric states of GPs modulate substrate accessibility and enzyme activation, suggesting a distinct mode of allosteric regulation beyond the canonical T-to-R transition model. Because bacterial GPs contribute to the generation of glucose, their regulation may influence the composition of gut-derived metabolites that affect host glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Our study provides mechanistic insight into the structural and functional diversity of gut bacterial GPs and lays a foundation for future exploration of microbiome-mediated metabolic interactions.
History
DepositionApr 25, 2025Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBJ
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: FSC / Data content type: FSC / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Alpha-1,4 glucan phosphorylase
B: Alpha-1,4 glucan phosphorylase


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)183,4852
Polymers183,4852
Non-polymers00
Water18010
1
A: Alpha-1,4 glucan phosphorylase
B: Alpha-1,4 glucan phosphorylase

A: Alpha-1,4 glucan phosphorylase
B: Alpha-1,4 glucan phosphorylase


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)366,9704
Polymers366,9704
Non-polymers00
Water724
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1
point symmetry operation1

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Components

#1: Protein Alpha-1,4 glucan phosphorylase


Mass: 91742.398 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / Gene: ECBD_0314 / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: A0A140N6M9, glycogen phosphorylase
#2: Water ChemComp-HOH / water


Mass: 18.015 Da / Num. of mol.: 10 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Formula: H2O
Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Glycogen phosphorylase / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)Organism: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria)
Buffer solutionpH: 8
Buffer component
IDConc.NameFormulaBuffer-ID
120 mMTris-HCl1
2100 mMsodium chlorideNaCl1
SpecimenConc.: 1 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportDetails: 10 mA current / Grid material: COPPER / Grid mesh size: 200 divisions/in. / Grid type: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K
Details: 3.5 microliters droplet, 20 seconds delay before blotting, 3 seconds blot, 0 seconds delay before plunging

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Electron microscopy imaging

MicroscopyModel: JEOL CRYO ARM 200
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 200 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2200 nm / Nominal defocus min: 700 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 40 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 1 / Num. of real images: 7656

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Processing

EM software
IDNameCategory
1cryoSPARCparticle selection
2SerialEMimage acquisition
4cryoSPARCCTF correction
7UCSF Chimeramodel fitting
9cryoSPARCinitial Euler assignment
10cryoSPARCfinal Euler assignment
11cryoSPARCclassification
12cryoSPARC3D reconstruction
13PHENIXmodel refinement
CTF correctionType: NONE
SymmetryPoint symmetry: C2 (2 fold cyclic)
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.63 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 454086 / Symmetry type: POINT

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