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- PDB-9svx: XRCC3-RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2 (XRCC3 complex) capping a RAD51 filamen... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9svx
TitleXRCC3-RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2 (XRCC3 complex) capping a RAD51 filament on single stranded DNA
Components
  • (DNA repair protein ...) x 5
  • ssDNA
KeywordsDNA BINDING PROTEIN / complex / tumor suppresor
Function / homology
Function and homology information


telomeric loop disassembly / meiotic DNA recombinase assembly / Rad51C-XRCC3 complex / Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex / double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing / telomere maintenance via telomere trimming / female meiosis sister chromatid cohesion / resolution of mitotic recombination intermediates / presynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton / response to glucoside ...telomeric loop disassembly / meiotic DNA recombinase assembly / Rad51C-XRCC3 complex / Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex / double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing / telomere maintenance via telomere trimming / female meiosis sister chromatid cohesion / resolution of mitotic recombination intermediates / presynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton / response to glucoside / positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint / crossover junction DNA endonuclease activity / mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing / DNA recombinase assembly / cellular response to camptothecin / chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle / telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening / double-strand break repair involved in meiotic recombination / nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex / t-circle formation / cellular response to cisplatin / DNA strand invasion / cellular response to hydroxyurea / mitotic recombination / regulation of centrosome duplication / DNA strand exchange activity / replication-born double-strand break repair via sister chromatid exchange / lateral element / regulation of DNA damage checkpoint / Impaired BRCA2 binding to PALB2 / telomere maintenance via recombination / gamma-tubulin binding / regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process / single-stranded DNA helicase activity / reciprocal meiotic recombination / centrosome cycle / positive regulation of neurogenesis / Homologous DNA Pairing and Strand Exchange / Defective homologous recombination repair (HRR) due to BRCA1 loss of function / Defective HDR through Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) due to PALB2 loss of BRCA1 binding function / Defective HDR through Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) due to PALB2 loss of BRCA2/RAD51/RAD51C binding function / Resolution of D-loop Structures through Synthesis-Dependent Strand Annealing (SDSA) / sister chromatid cohesion / Resolution of D-loop Structures through Holliday Junction Intermediates / HDR through Single Strand Annealing (SSA) / ATP-dependent DNA damage sensor activity / regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination / nuclear chromosome / Impaired BRCA2 binding to RAD51 / Transcriptional Regulation by E2F6 / male meiosis I / replication fork processing / microtubule organizing center / Presynaptic phase of homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange / positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle / response to X-ray / ATP-dependent activity, acting on DNA / somitogenesis / interstrand cross-link repair / condensed chromosome / DNA polymerase binding / neurogenesis / telomere maintenance / replication fork / condensed nuclear chromosome / response to gamma radiation / cellular response to ionizing radiation / meiotic cell cycle / male germ cell nucleus / TP53 Regulates Transcription of DNA Repair Genes / cellular response to gamma radiation / double-strand break repair via homologous recombination / PML body / HDR through Homologous Recombination (HRR) / Meiotic recombination / response to toxic substance / multicellular organism growth / cell junction / mitotic cell cycle / single-stranded DNA binding / site of double-strand break / Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production / double-stranded DNA binding / spermatogenesis / DNA recombination / in utero embryonic development / negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process / chromosome, telomeric region / regulation of cell cycle / mitochondrial matrix / response to xenobiotic stimulus / DNA repair / intracellular membrane-bounded organelle / DNA damage response / centrosome / chromatin binding / chromatin / nucleolus / perinuclear region of cytoplasm / enzyme binding
Similarity search - Function
: / DNA repair protein XRCC2 / : / : / : / : / RAD51D, N-terminal domain / DNA recombination/repair protein Rad51 / DNA recombination and repair protein, RecA-like / DNA recombination and repair protein Rad51-like, C-terminal ...: / DNA repair protein XRCC2 / : / : / : / : / RAD51D, N-terminal domain / DNA recombination/repair protein Rad51 / DNA recombination and repair protein, RecA-like / DNA recombination and repair protein Rad51-like, C-terminal / Rad51 / DNA recombination and repair protein RecA, monomer-monomer interface / RecA family profile 2. / DNA recombination and repair protein RecA-like, ATP-binding domain / RecA family profile 1. / DNA repair Rad51/transcription factor NusA, alpha-helical / Helix-hairpin-helix domain / ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities / AAA+ ATPase domain / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / DNA / DNA (> 10) / DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 3 / DNA repair protein XRCC3 / DNA repair protein XRCC2 / DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 4 / DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
synthetic construct (others)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.7 Å
AuthorsGreenhough, L.A. / West, S.C.
Funding support United Kingdom, 4items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Wellcome TrustCC2098 United Kingdom
Medical Research Council (MRC, United Kingdom)CC2098 United Kingdom
Wellcome TrustCC2098 United Kingdom
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)BB/W01355X/1 United Kingdom
CitationJournal: Science / Year: 2025
Title: Cryo-electron microscopy visualization of RAD51 filament assembly and end-capping by XRCC3-RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2.
Authors: Luke A Greenhough / Lorenzo Galanti / Chih-Chao Liang / Simon J Boulton / Stephen C West /
Abstract: Homologous recombination repairs DNA double strand breaks and protects stalled replication forks, but how the five RAD51 paralogs contribute to these processes remains unclear. Mutations in the RAD51 ...Homologous recombination repairs DNA double strand breaks and protects stalled replication forks, but how the five RAD51 paralogs contribute to these processes remains unclear. Mutations in the RAD51 paralogs are linked to heritable breast and ovarian cancers and the cancer-prone disease Fanconi anemia. In this work, we show that the RAD51 paralogs assemble into two distinct heterotetrameric complexes, RAD51B-RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2 (RAD51B complex) and XRCC3-RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2 (XRCC3 complex). The RAD51B complex promotes dynamic adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis-dependent assembly of RAD51 filaments, whereas the XRCC3 complex stably caps the 5'-termini of RAD51 filaments to promote homologous pairing, as visualized by cryo-electron microscopy. Highly conserved across evolution, these complexes reveal insights into RAD51 filament formation and capping during DNA repair and replication fork stabilization.
History
DepositionOct 3, 2025Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0Nov 26, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
J: ssDNA
C: DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 3
D: DNA repair protein XRCC3
B: DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 4
A: DNA repair protein XRCC2
E: DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1
F: DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1
G: DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1
H: DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1
I: DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)342,67031
Polymers338,29810
Non-polymers4,37221
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

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DNA chain , 1 types, 1 molecules J

#1: DNA chain ssDNA


Mass: 6027.858 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) synthetic construct (others)

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DNA repair protein ... , 5 types, 9 molecules CDBAEFGHI

#2: Protein DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 3 / R51H3 / RAD51 homolog C / RAD51-like protein 2


Mass: 42244.609 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: RAD51C, RAD51L2 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: O43502
#3: Protein DNA repair protein XRCC3 / X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 3


Mass: 37899.781 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: XRCC3 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: O43542
#4: Protein DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 4 / R51H3 / RAD51 homolog D / RAD51-like protein 3 / TRAD


Mass: 35084.254 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: RAD51D, RAD51L3 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: O75771
#5: Protein DNA repair protein XRCC2 / X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 2


Mass: 31995.525 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: XRCC2 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: O43543
#6: Protein
DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 / HsRAD51 / hRAD51 / RAD51 homolog A


Mass: 37009.125 Da / Num. of mol.: 5
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: RAD51, RAD51A, RECA / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: Q06609

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Non-polymers , 4 types, 21 molecules

#7: Chemical ChemComp-ADP / ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE


Mass: 427.201 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C10H15N5O10P2 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION / Comment: ADP, energy-carrying molecule*YM
#8: Chemical
ChemComp-MG / MAGNESIUM ION


Mass: 24.305 Da / Num. of mol.: 8 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Mg / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#9: Chemical
ChemComp-ATP / ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE


Mass: 507.181 Da / Num. of mol.: 7 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C10H16N5O13P3 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION / Comment: ATP, energy-carrying molecule*YM
#10: Chemical
ChemComp-CA / CALCIUM ION


Mass: 40.078 Da / Num. of mol.: 5 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Ca / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION

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Details

Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: XRCC3-RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2 (XRCC3 complex) capping a RAD51 filament on single stranded DNA
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#6 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightExperimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / Strain: Sf9
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
Details: 25 mM HEPES-NaOH pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM MgCl2, 2.5 mM CaCl2, 1 mM ATP, 0.25 mM TCEP
Buffer component
IDConc.NameFormulaBuffer-ID
125 mMHEPESHEPES-NaOH1
2100 mMSodium chlorideNaCl1
32.5 mMMagnesium chlorideMgCl21
42.5 mMCalcium chlorideCaCl21
51 mMAdenosine triphosphateATP1
60.25 mMTris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochlorideTCEP1
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 95 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: SPOT SCAN
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 130000 X / Nominal defocus max: 2700 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm
Specimen holderCryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER
Image recordingElectron dose: 40.8 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k)

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategoryDetails
1Topazparticle selection
2PHENIX1.21_5207model refinement
3EPUimage acquisition
13cryoSPARC3D reconstruction3D Flex
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING ONLY
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 12461490
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.7 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 323691 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementCross valid method: NONE
Stereochemistry target values: GeoStd + Monomer Library + CDL v1.2
Displacement parametersBiso mean: 114.48 Å2
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.001922309
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.419330253
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.03783490
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.00323810
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d11.22743457

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