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- PDB-9q9z: Cryo-EM structure of the helicase core of ZNFX1 -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9q9z
TitleCryo-EM structure of the helicase core of ZNFX1
ComponentsNFX1-type zinc finger-containing protein 1
KeywordsRNA BINDING PROTEIN / Helicase / E3 ligase / interferon-stimulated gene
Function / homology
Function and homology information


nuclear RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex / regulatory ncRNA-mediated heterochromatin formation / negative regulation of viral genome replication / activation of innate immune response / helicase activity / cytoplasmic stress granule / defense response to virus / mitochondrial outer membrane / defense response to bacterium / innate immune response ...nuclear RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex / regulatory ncRNA-mediated heterochromatin formation / negative regulation of viral genome replication / activation of innate immune response / helicase activity / cytoplasmic stress granule / defense response to virus / mitochondrial outer membrane / defense response to bacterium / innate immune response / RNA binding / zinc ion binding
Similarity search - Function
ZNFX1 domain / Zinc finger, NF-X1-type / ZnF_NFX / Zinc finger, RZ-type / RZ type zinc finger domain / Zinc finger RZ-type profile. / DNA2/NAM7 helicase, helicase domain / AAA domain / DNA2/NAM7-like helicase / : ...ZNFX1 domain / Zinc finger, NF-X1-type / ZnF_NFX / Zinc finger, RZ-type / RZ type zinc finger domain / Zinc finger RZ-type profile. / DNA2/NAM7 helicase, helicase domain / AAA domain / DNA2/NAM7-like helicase / : / DNA2/NAM7 helicase-like, C-terminal / AAA domain / Armadillo-type fold / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
NFX1-type zinc finger-containing protein 1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.9 Å
AuthorsGrabarczyk, D.B. / Reznikow, V. / Kurzbauer, R. / Clausen, T.
Funding support Austria, European Union, 2items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Austrian Research Promotion Agency Austria
H2020 Marie Curie Actions of the European CommissionEuropean Union
CitationJournal: Cell / Year: 2025
Title: A split-site E3 ligase mechanism enables ZNFX1 to ubiquitinate and cluster single-stranded RNA into ubiquitin-coated nucleoprotein particles.
Authors: Daniel B Grabarczyk / Eric J Aird / Vanessa Reznikow / Paul C Kirchgatterer / Julian F Ehrmann / Robert Kurzbauer / Lillie E Bell / Max J Kellner / Ritika Aggarwal / Alexander Schleiffer / ...Authors: Daniel B Grabarczyk / Eric J Aird / Vanessa Reznikow / Paul C Kirchgatterer / Julian F Ehrmann / Robert Kurzbauer / Lillie E Bell / Max J Kellner / Ritika Aggarwal / Alexander Schleiffer / Victoria Faas / Luiza Deszcz / Anton Meinhart / Gijs A Versteeg / Josef M Penninger / Lukas S Stelzl / Moritz M Gaidt / Ingrid Tessmer / Jacob E Corn / Tim Clausen /
Abstract: Eukaryotic cells use a multi-layered immune response to combat intracellular pathogens. The ubiquitin ligase ZNFX1 has emerged as a crucial yet little understood player that regulates the immune ...Eukaryotic cells use a multi-layered immune response to combat intracellular pathogens. The ubiquitin ligase ZNFX1 has emerged as a crucial yet little understood player that regulates the immune response while protecting against RNA viruses. Our study unveils the molecular mechanism of ZNFX1, mediated by the joint activity of a helicase serving as a nucleic acid sensor and a non-conventional E3 module featuring a split active site. We demonstrate that single-stranded RNA stimulates E3 activity by fostering dimerization of ZNFX1 subunits that translocate along nucleic acid tracks. Juxtaposed E3 domains complement each other, leading to the ubiquitination of ZNFX1 itself and engaged RNA molecules, while clustering nucleic acids into dense nucleoprotein particles. We show that the E3 ligase activity of ZNFX1 protects cells during an immune response and propose that ubiquitin-coated particles formed by ZNFX1 represent part of an ancient mechanism to regulate both foreign and host RNA in the cell.
History
DepositionFeb 27, 2025Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: NFX1-type zinc finger-containing protein 1
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)166,4256
Polymers166,0981
Non-polymers3275
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

#1: Protein NFX1-type zinc finger-containing protein 1


Mass: 166098.359 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: ZNFX1, KIAA1404 / Production host: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) / References: UniProt: Q9P2E3
#2: Chemical
ChemComp-ZN / ZINC ION


Mass: 65.409 Da / Num. of mol.: 5 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Zn
Has ligand of interestN
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: ZNFX1 / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightExperimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 3500 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 60 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Version: 1.21.2_5419 / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.9 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 57389 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementHighest resolution: 3.9 Å
Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS)
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.0036271
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.678472
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d4.427828
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.045938
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0041099

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