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- PDB-9mi8: Human PARP1 N-terminal domains bound to nicked DNA -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9mi8
TitleHuman PARP1 N-terminal domains bound to nicked DNA
Components
  • DNA (48-MER)
  • Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1
KeywordsDNA BINDING PROTEIN / PARP1 / Zinc-finger domains / nicked DNA
Function / homology
Function and homology information


NAD+-histone H2BS6 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / NAD+-histone H3S10 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / NAD+-histone H2BE35 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / positive regulation of myofibroblast differentiation / negative regulation of ATP biosynthetic process / NAD+-protein-tyrosine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / NAD+-protein-histidine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / non-sequence-specific DNA binding, bending / regulation of base-excision repair / mitochondrial DNA metabolic process ...NAD+-histone H2BS6 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / NAD+-histone H3S10 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / NAD+-histone H2BE35 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / positive regulation of myofibroblast differentiation / negative regulation of ATP biosynthetic process / NAD+-protein-tyrosine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / NAD+-protein-histidine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / non-sequence-specific DNA binding, bending / regulation of base-excision repair / mitochondrial DNA metabolic process / regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep / vRNA Synthesis / carbohydrate biosynthetic process / NAD+-protein-serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / NAD DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / single-strand break-containing DNA binding / mitochondrial DNA repair / DNA ADP-ribosylation / regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway / signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression / ATP generation from poly-ADP-D-ribose / replication fork reversal / positive regulation of necroptotic process / establishment of protein localization to chromatin / positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway / transcription regulator activator activity / response to aldosterone / HDR through MMEJ (alt-NHEJ) / single strand break repair / positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation / NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase / protein auto-ADP-ribosylation / negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening / cellular response to zinc ion / NAD+-protein-aspartate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / protein poly-ADP-ribosylation / NAD+-protein-glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / negative regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway / positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy / negative regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II / decidualization / NAD+-protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization / protein autoprocessing / macrophage differentiation / R-SMAD binding / negative regulation of adipose tissue development / nuclear replication fork / Transferases; Glycosyltransferases; Pentosyltransferases / positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction / POLB-Dependent Long Patch Base Excision Repair / NAD+ poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway / SUMOylation of DNA damage response and repair proteins / positive regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination / nucleosome binding / protein localization to chromatin / nucleotidyltransferase activity / response to gamma radiation / negative regulation of innate immune response / telomere maintenance / nuclear estrogen receptor binding / protein modification process / site of DNA damage / mitochondrion organization / cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus / Downregulation of SMAD2/3:SMAD4 transcriptional activity / positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus / protein-DNA complex / fibrillar center / transcription by RNA polymerase II / DNA Damage Recognition in GG-NER / NAD binding / cellular response to amyloid-beta / enzyme activator activity / histone deacetylase binding / Dual Incision in GG-NER / Formation of Incision Complex in GG-NER / cellular response to UV / double-strand break repair / cellular response to insulin stimulus / nuclear envelope / regulation of protein localization / site of double-strand break / transcription regulator complex / cellular response to oxidative stress / damaged DNA binding / response to ethanol / RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding / nuclear body / positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction / chromosome, telomeric region / innate immune response / negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription / ubiquitin protein ligase binding / DNA repair / apoptotic process / chromatin binding / DNA damage response / nucleolus
Similarity search - Function
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase / PADR1 domain / PADR1 domain superfamily / : / PADR1 domain, zinc ribbon fold / PADR1, N-terminal helical domain / PADR1 domain profile. / PADR1 / Zinc finger poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-type signature. / Zinc finger, PARP-type superfamily ...Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase / PADR1 domain / PADR1 domain superfamily / : / PADR1 domain, zinc ribbon fold / PADR1, N-terminal helical domain / PADR1 domain profile. / PADR1 / Zinc finger poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-type signature. / Zinc finger, PARP-type superfamily / Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and DNA-Ligase Zn-finger region / Zinc finger poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-type profile. / Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and DNA-Ligase Zn-finger region / Zinc finger, PARP-type / : / Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, regulatory domain / WGR domain / WGR domain superfamily / WGR domain / WGR domain profile. / Proposed nucleic acid binding domain / Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, regulatory domain superfamily / Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, regulatory domain / PARP alpha-helical domain profile. / BRCA1 C Terminus (BRCT) domain / Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase catalytic domain / Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, catalytic domain / PARP catalytic domain profile. / breast cancer carboxy-terminal domain / BRCT domain profile. / BRCT domain / BRCT domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
DNA / DNA (> 10) / Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.6 Å
AuthorsSverzhinsky, A. / Pascal, J.M.
Funding support Canada, United States, 2items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)PJT374609 Canada
National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI)CA92584 United States
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2026
Title: PARP1-HPF1 structure and dynamics on nicked DNA suggest a mechanism for acute and localized ADP-ribosylation.
Authors: Aleksandr Sverzhinsky / Huijun Xue / Marie-France Langelier / Marcelo V Muniz Corrêa / Joshua Del Mundo / Scott Classen / Michal Hammel / Eli Rothenberg / John M Pascal /
Abstract: PARP1 detection of DNA strand breaks allosterically leads to PARP1 synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) modifications that signal DNA damage. HPF1 engages activated PARP1 to control modification site ...PARP1 detection of DNA strand breaks allosterically leads to PARP1 synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) modifications that signal DNA damage. HPF1 engages activated PARP1 to control modification site selection. Understanding of the mechanism of DNA break detection and catalytic activation is incomplete, due largely to limited structural information for full-length PARP1. Here, single-particle cryo-EM provides views of the full complement of PARP1 domains engaging a DNA single-strand break in the presence of HPF1 and a fragment of binding partner Timeless. Cryo-EM, single-molecule DNA dynamics, and small-angle X-ray scattering analysis indicate that PARP1 remains dynamic even when the multi-domain structure is organized on a DNA break, with the minimal catalytic region displaying high mobility relative to domains engaging damage. We propose that the organization of PARP1 domains on a DNA break releases a tethered, constitutively active catalytic region to modify molecules in a radius surrounding the DNA break site.
History
DepositionDec 12, 2024Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Mar 4, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Mar 4, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Mar 4, 2026Data content type: Additional map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Additional map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Revision 1.0Mar 4, 2026Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Mar 4, 2026Data content type: Mask / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Mask / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Revision 1.1Apr 8, 2026Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
Item: _citation.journal_volume / _citation_author.identifier_ORCID / _em_admin.last_update
Revision 1.1Apr 8, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / Group: Database references / Experimental summary / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata
Item: _citation.journal_volume / _citation_author.identifier_ORCID / _em_admin.last_update

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1
B: DNA (48-MER)
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)130,4805
Polymers130,2842
Non-polymers1963
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: gel filtration, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

#1: Protein Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 / PARP-1 / ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin-like 1 / ARTD1 / DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP1 ...PARP-1 / ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin-like 1 / ARTD1 / DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP1 / NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 / ADPRT 1 / Poly[ADP-ribose] synthase 1 / Protein poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP1


Mass: 115433.406 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: PARP1, ADPRT, PPOL / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
References: UniProt: P09874, NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase, Transferases; Glycosyltransferases; Pentosyltransferases
#2: DNA chain DNA (48-MER)


Mass: 14850.459 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Homo sapiens (human)
#3: Chemical ChemComp-ZN / ZINC ION


Mass: 65.409 Da / Num. of mol.: 3 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Zn
Has ligand of interestN
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Full-length human PARP1 bound to nicked DNA and in complex with HPF1 and Timeless fragment
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#2 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 0.18 MDa / Experimental value: YES
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Buffer solutionpH: 8
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2500 nm / Nominal defocus min: 700 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 43 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k) / Num. of real images: 9648

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Processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.6 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 87400 / Symmetry type: POINT

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