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- PDB-9jq6: Cryo-EM structure of BTN2A1 in complex with antagonist antibody TH002 -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9jq6
TitleCryo-EM structure of BTN2A1 in complex with antagonist antibody TH002
Components
  • BTN2A1 antagonist antibody TH002-Fab heavy chain
  • BTN2A1 antagonist antibody TH002-Fab light chain
  • Butyrophilin subfamily 2 member A1
KeywordsIMMUNE SYSTEM / receptor / butyrophilin / antagonist / antibody
Function / homology
Function and homology information


Butyrophilin (BTN) family interactions / regulation of cytokine production / lipid metabolic process / T cell receptor signaling pathway / signaling receptor binding / external side of plasma membrane / plasma membrane
Similarity search - Function
Butyrophilin subfamily 1/2, SPRY/PRY domain / : / : / Butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A2-like, Ig-C domain / SPRY-associated domain / SPRY-associated / PRY / Butyrophylin-like, SPRY domain / SPRY domain / B30.2/SPRY domain ...Butyrophilin subfamily 1/2, SPRY/PRY domain / : / : / Butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A2-like, Ig-C domain / SPRY-associated domain / SPRY-associated / PRY / Butyrophylin-like, SPRY domain / SPRY domain / B30.2/SPRY domain / B30.2/SPRY domain profile. / B30.2/SPRY domain superfamily / Domain in SPla and the RYanodine Receptor. / SPRY domain / Immunoglobulin V-Type / Immunoglobulin V-set domain / Immunoglobulin V-set domain / Immunoglobulin subtype / Immunoglobulin / Concanavalin A-like lectin/glucanase domain superfamily / Ig-like domain profile. / Immunoglobulin-like domain / Immunoglobulin-like domain superfamily / Immunoglobulin-like fold
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Butyrophilin subfamily 2 member A1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
Mus musculus (house mouse)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.34 Å
AuthorsZhang, M. / Wang, Y.Q. / Xiao, J.Y.
Funding support China, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)32325018 China
CitationJournal: Immunity / Year: 2025
Title: Structures of butyrophilin multimers reveal a plier-like mechanism for Vγ9Vδ2 T cell receptor activation.
Authors: Mai Zhang / Yiqing Wang / Ningning Cai / Yingying Qu / Xianqiang Ma / Jing Xue / Xiaorui Chen / Xueguang Zhang / Junyu Xiao / Yonghui Zhang /
Abstract: Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, the major circulating human γδ T cell subset, respond to infections and tumors by recognizing phosphoantigens (pAgs) via transmembrane butyrophilins (BTN3A1, BTN3A2, and BTN2A1). ...Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, the major circulating human γδ T cell subset, respond to infections and tumors by recognizing phosphoantigens (pAgs) via transmembrane butyrophilins (BTN3A1, BTN3A2, and BTN2A1). Here, using cryoelectron microscopy, we resolved the structures of BTN multimers bound to the microbial pAg HMBPP alone and in complex with the T cell receptor (TCR). These structures reveal that BTN3A1 and BTN2A1 cooperate to sense pAgs through their intracellular B30.2 domains, whereas BTN3A2 and BTN2A1 interact extracellularly. TCR engagement triggers its conformational changes, allowing BTN2A1 to bind the Vγ9 chain laterally and BTN3A2 to interact apically with the Vδ2 chain's germline-encoded regions and CDR3 motif, as well as the Vγ9 CDR3. Our study uncovers a "plier-like gripping" mechanism, where BTN multimers bridge the TCR surface to drive activation. These findings establish a structural foundation for γδ T cell-targeted immunotherapies distinct from αβ T cell strategies reliant on major-histocompatibility-complex-mediated antigen presentation.
History
DepositionSep 27, 2024Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBC
Revision 1.0Jun 18, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Jun 25, 2025Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / em_admin
Item: _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _em_admin.last_update
Revision 1.2Jul 23, 2025Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / em_admin
Item: _citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first / _em_admin.last_update

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
E: Butyrophilin subfamily 2 member A1
F: Butyrophilin subfamily 2 member A1
H: BTN2A1 antagonist antibody TH002-Fab heavy chain
I: BTN2A1 antagonist antibody TH002-Fab light chain
J: BTN2A1 antagonist antibody TH002-Fab heavy chain
K: BTN2A1 antagonist antibody TH002-Fab light chain
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)220,40116
Polymers217,5796
Non-polymers2,82210
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: gel filtration, not applicable, electron microscopy
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein Butyrophilin subfamily 2 member A1


Mass: 60015.312 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: BTN2A1, BT2.1, BTF1 / Cell line (production host): HEK293F / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: Q7KYR7
#2: Antibody BTN2A1 antagonist antibody TH002-Fab heavy chain


Mass: 24961.285 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Mus musculus (house mouse) / Production host: Mus musculus (house mouse)
#3: Antibody BTN2A1 antagonist antibody TH002-Fab light chain


Mass: 23813.033 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Mus musculus (house mouse) / Production host: Mus musculus (house mouse)
#4: Polysaccharide 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 424.401 Da / Num. of mol.: 3
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/1,2,1/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1-1/a4-b1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#5: Sugar
ChemComp-NAG / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose / N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-glucose / N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE


Type: D-saccharide, beta linking / Mass: 221.208 Da / Num. of mol.: 7 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C8H15NO6
IdentifierTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcbCONDENSED IUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
N-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosamineCOMMON NAMEGMML 1.0
b-D-GlcpNAcIUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLPDB-CARE 1.0
GlcNAcSNFG CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
Has ligand of interestN
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: full-length BTN2A1 in complex with its antagonist antibody TH002
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#3 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightExperimental value: NO
Source (natural)
IDEntity assembly-IDOrganismNcbi tax-ID
21Homo sapiens (human)9606
31Mus musculus (house mouse)10090
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human) / Cell: HEK293F / Plasmid: pcDNA3.1
Buffer solutionpH: 7.4
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1700 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1300 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 60 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Version: 1.20.1_4487: / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.34 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 247369 / Symmetry type: POINT

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