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- PDB-9jfd: Human insulin receptor bound with A62-dimer, Pseudo-gamma conformation -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9jfd
TitleHuman insulin receptor bound with A62-dimer, Pseudo-gamma conformation
Components
  • (Insulin receptor) x 2
  • A62
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / Signaling / aptamer / agonist / complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


regulation of female gonad development / positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle / insulin-like growth factor II binding / positive regulation of developmental growth / insulin receptor complex / insulin-like growth factor I binding / insulin receptor activity / positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly / adrenal gland development / dendritic spine maintenance ...regulation of female gonad development / positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle / insulin-like growth factor II binding / positive regulation of developmental growth / insulin receptor complex / insulin-like growth factor I binding / insulin receptor activity / positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly / adrenal gland development / dendritic spine maintenance / insulin binding / cargo receptor activity / PTB domain binding / Signaling by Insulin receptor / IRS activation / neuronal cell body membrane / positive regulation of respiratory burst / amyloid-beta clearance / insulin receptor substrate binding / regulation of embryonic development / positive regulation of receptor internalization / positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process / heart morphogenesis / Signal attenuation / protein kinase activator activity / phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding / transport across blood-brain barrier / Insulin receptor recycling / insulin-like growth factor receptor binding / neuron projection maintenance / positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division / receptor-mediated endocytosis / Insulin receptor signalling cascade / learning / dendrite membrane / positive regulation of glycolytic process / positive regulation of D-glucose import across plasma membrane / male gonad development / receptor protein-tyrosine kinase / memory / caveola / cellular response to insulin stimulus / positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process / insulin receptor signaling pathway / glucose homeostasis / late endosome / protein autophosphorylation / amyloid-beta binding / PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling / protein tyrosine kinase activity / positive regulation of MAPK cascade / positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction / positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction / lysosome / signaling receptor complex / endosome membrane / positive regulation of cell migration / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / external side of plasma membrane / protein domain specific binding / axon / positive regulation of cell population proliferation / symbiont entry into host cell / regulation of DNA-templated transcription / positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription / GTP binding / protein-containing complex binding / extracellular exosome / ATP binding / membrane / identical protein binding / plasma membrane
Similarity search - Function
Insulin receptor, trans-membrane domain / Insulin receptor trans-membrane segment / Tyrosine-protein kinase, insulin-like receptor / Tyrosine-protein kinase, receptor class II, conserved site / Receptor tyrosine kinase class II signature. / Receptor L-domain / Furin-like cysteine-rich domain / Receptor L-domain superfamily / Furin-like cysteine rich region / Receptor L domain ...Insulin receptor, trans-membrane domain / Insulin receptor trans-membrane segment / Tyrosine-protein kinase, insulin-like receptor / Tyrosine-protein kinase, receptor class II, conserved site / Receptor tyrosine kinase class II signature. / Receptor L-domain / Furin-like cysteine-rich domain / Receptor L-domain superfamily / Furin-like cysteine rich region / Receptor L domain / Furin-like repeat / Furin-like repeats / Growth factor receptor cysteine-rich domain superfamily / : / Fibronectin type 3 domain / Fibronectin type-III domain profile. / Fibronectin type III / Fibronectin type III superfamily / Tyrosine-protein kinase, catalytic domain / Tyrosine kinase, catalytic domain / Tyrosine protein kinases specific active-site signature. / Tyrosine-protein kinase, active site / Protein tyrosine and serine/threonine kinase / Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase, catalytic domain / Protein kinase, ATP binding site / Protein kinases ATP-binding region signature. / Immunoglobulin-like fold / Protein kinase domain profile. / Protein kinase domain / Protein kinase-like domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
DNA / DNA (> 10) / Insulin receptor
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 9.35 Å
AuthorsKim, J. / Na, H. / Yunn, N. / Ryu, S. / Cho, Y.
Funding support Korea, Republic Of, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Research Foundation (NRF, Korea) Korea, Republic Of
Citation
Journal: Exp Mol Med / Year: 2025
Title: Structural mechanism of insulin receptor activation by a dimeric aptamer agonist.
Authors: Junhong Kim / Hyeonjin Na / Si-Young Choi / Eun Ju Oh / Hyunsook Lee / Sung Ho Ryu / Na-Oh Yunn / Yunje Cho /
Abstract: Insulin binding to the insulin receptor (IR) triggers signaling pathways that regulate glucose uptake and cell growth. In previous work, we identified a DNA aptamer, A62, which partially activates ...Insulin binding to the insulin receptor (IR) triggers signaling pathways that regulate glucose uptake and cell growth. In previous work, we identified a DNA aptamer, A62, which partially activates the IR. During engineering aptamers for improved in vivo stability, we discovered that crosslinking two A62 aptamers with linkers of varying lengths led to full phosphorylation of the IR, although activation remained selective to the AKT pathway. Here, to elucidate the mechanism behind this aptamer-induced full activation of the IR, we determined the structure of the IR in complex with a dimeric form of A62 (A62D) linked by an eight-nucleotide connector. We identified three distinct conformations of the IR: arrowhead-shaped, pseudo-arrowhead-shaped and pseudo-gamma-shaped. The pseudo-gamma-shaped conformation closely resembles the structure of a fully active IR bound by a single insulin molecule. In these configurations, only one A62 monomer (A62M) within the A62D dimer binds to the IR dimer. This binding brings the IR monomers into close proximity, promoting intermolecular trans-phosphorylation. Our findings provide valuable structural insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting the IR.
#1: Journal: Exp Mol Med / Year: 2025
Title: Structural mechanism of insulin receptor activation by a dimeric aptamer agonist.
Authors: Junhong Kim / Hyeonjin Na / Si-Young Choi / Eun Ju Oh / Hyunsook Lee / Sung Ho Ryu / Na-Oh Yunn / Yunje Cho /
Abstract: Insulin binding to the insulin receptor (IR) triggers signaling pathways that regulate glucose uptake and cell growth. In previous work, we identified a DNA aptamer, A62, which partially activates ...Insulin binding to the insulin receptor (IR) triggers signaling pathways that regulate glucose uptake and cell growth. In previous work, we identified a DNA aptamer, A62, which partially activates the IR. During engineering aptamers for improved in vivo stability, we discovered that crosslinking two A62 aptamers with linkers of varying lengths led to full phosphorylation of the IR, although activation remained selective to the AKT pathway. Here, to elucidate the mechanism behind this aptamer-induced full activation of the IR, we determined the structure of the IR in complex with a dimeric form of A62 (A62D) linked by an eight-nucleotide connector. We identified three distinct conformations of the IR: arrowhead-shaped, pseudo-arrowhead-shaped and pseudo-gamma-shaped. The pseudo-gamma-shaped conformation closely resembles the structure of a fully active IR bound by a single insulin molecule. In these configurations, only one A62 monomer (A62M) within the A62D dimer binds to the IR dimer. This binding brings the IR monomers into close proximity, promoting intermolecular trans-phosphorylation. Our findings provide valuable structural insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting the IR.
History
DepositionSep 4, 2024Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBJ
Revision 1.0Jul 16, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Aug 20, 2025Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
Item: _citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first ..._citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first / _citation.page_last / _citation_author.identifier_ORCID / _em_admin.last_update

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Insulin receptor
B: Insulin receptor
C: A62


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)218,1883
Polymers218,1883
Non-polymers00
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

#1: Protein Insulin receptor / IR


Mass: 104848.859 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: INSR / Production host: Homo sapiens (human)
References: UniProt: P06213, receptor protein-tyrosine kinase
#2: Protein Insulin receptor / IR


Mass: 104812.828 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: INSR / Production host: Homo sapiens (human)
References: UniProt: P06213, receptor protein-tyrosine kinase
#3: DNA chain A62


Mass: 8526.799 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Homo sapiens (human)
Has ligand of interestN
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Human insulin receptor with aptamer complex / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: all / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Talos Arctica / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TALOS ARCTICA
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 200 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM software
IDNameCategory
1cryoSPARCparticle selection
8PHENIXmodel refinement
13cryoSPARC3D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING ONLY
3D reconstructionResolution: 9.35 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 37078 / Symmetry type: POINT

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