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- PDB-9jco: Cryo-EM structure of the proton-sensing GPCR (GPR4)-Gs protein co... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9jco
TitleCryo-EM structure of the proton-sensing GPCR (GPR4)-Gs protein complex at pH 6.5
Components
  • (Guanine nucleotide-binding protein ...) x 3
  • G-protein coupled receptor 4
  • Nanobody 35
KeywordsSIGNALING PROTEIN / Cryo-EM / GPCR / proton-sensing / GPR4 / pH 6.5 / Gs / complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


glomerular mesangial cell development / regulation of vascular permeability / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / response to acidic pH / angiogenesis involved in wound healing / positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction / regulation of cell adhesion / negative regulation of angiogenesis / G protein-coupled receptor activity / Olfactory Signaling Pathway ...glomerular mesangial cell development / regulation of vascular permeability / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / response to acidic pH / angiogenesis involved in wound healing / positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction / regulation of cell adhesion / negative regulation of angiogenesis / G protein-coupled receptor activity / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G-protein activation / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / positive regulation of inflammatory response / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / photoreceptor disc membrane / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / G alpha (z) signalling events / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / GPER1 signaling / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / G-protein beta-subunit binding / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / sensory perception of taste / extracellular vesicle / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / GTPase binding / retina development in camera-type eye / Ca2+ pathway / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / fibroblast proliferation / G alpha (i) signalling events / G alpha (s) signalling events / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G alpha (q) signalling events / Ras protein signal transduction / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / cell population proliferation / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / lysosomal membrane / GTPase activity / synapse / protein-containing complex binding / signal transduction / extracellular exosome / membrane / plasma membrane / cytosol / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
G protein-coupled receptor 4 orphan / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit ...G protein-coupled receptor 4 orphan / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / WD domain, G-beta repeat / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
: / CHOLESTEROL / G-prodeshotein coupled receptor 4 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
Lama glama (llama)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.36 Å
AuthorsYou, C. / Xu, H.E. / Jiang, Y.
Funding support China, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) China
CitationJournal: Cell Discov / Year: 2025
Title: Molecular mechanism of pH sensing and activation in GPR4 reveals proton-mediated GPCR signaling.
Authors: Chongzhao You / Shimeng Guo / Tianwei Zhang / Xinheng He / Tianyu Gao / Wenwen Xin / Zining Zhu / Yujie Lu / Youwei Xu / Zhen Li / Yumu Zhang / Xi Cheng / Yi Jiang / Xin Xie / H Eric Xu /
Abstract: Maintaining pH homeostasis is critical for cellular function across all living organisms. Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), particularly GPR4, play a pivotal role in cellular ...Maintaining pH homeostasis is critical for cellular function across all living organisms. Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), particularly GPR4, play a pivotal role in cellular responses to pH changes. Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying their proton sensing and activation remain incompletely understood. Here we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of GPR4 in complex with G proteins under physiological and acidic pH conditions. Our structures reveal an intricate proton-sensing mechanism driven by a sophisticated histidine network in the receptor's extracellular domain. Upon protonation of key histidines under acidic conditions, a remarkable conformational cascade is initiated, propagating from the extracellular region to the intracellular G protein-coupling interface. This dynamic process involves precise transmembrane helix rearrangements and conformational shifts of conserved motifs, mediated by strategically positioned water molecules. Notably, we discovered a bound bioactive lipid, lysophosphatidylcholine, which has positive allosteric effects on GPR4 activation. These findings provide a comprehensive framework for understanding proton sensing in GPCRs and the interplay between pH sensing and lipid regulation, offering insights into cellular pH homeostasis and potential therapies for pH-related disorders.
History
DepositionAug 30, 2024Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBJ
Revision 1.0Jul 9, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha
B: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
G: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
N: Nanobody 35
R: G-protein coupled receptor 4
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)162,4119
Polymers161,0375
Non-polymers1,3744
Water905
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

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Guanine nucleotide-binding protein ... , 3 types, 3 molecules ABG

#1: Protein Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha


Mass: 41879.465 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Production host: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
#2: Protein Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Transducin beta chain 1


Mass: 56515.297 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: GNB1 / Production host: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) / References: UniProt: P62873
#3: Protein Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / G gamma-I


Mass: 7729.947 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: GNG2 / Production host: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) / References: UniProt: P59768

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Antibody / Protein , 2 types, 2 molecules NR

#4: Antibody Nanobody 35


Mass: 13885.439 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Lama glama (llama) / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
#5: Protein G-protein coupled receptor 4 / G-protein coupled receptor 6C.l / GPR6C.l


Mass: 41026.664 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: GPR4 / Production host: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) / References: UniProt: P46093

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Non-polymers , 3 types, 9 molecules

#6: Chemical ChemComp-CLR / CHOLESTEROL


Mass: 386.654 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C27H46O
#7: Chemical ChemComp-A1L35 / 2-[[(2~{R})-3-acetyloxy-2-oxidanyl-propoxy]-oxidanyl-phosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethyl-azanium


Mass: 300.266 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C10H23NO7P / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#8: Water ChemComp-HOH / water


Mass: 18.015 Da / Num. of mol.: 5 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Formula: H2O

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Details

Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Cryo-EM structure of the proton-sensing GPCR (GPR4)-Gs protein complex at pH 6.5
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#5 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)
IDEntity assembly-IDOrganismNcbi tax-ID
11Homo sapiens (human)9606
21Lama glama (llama)9844
Source (recombinant)
IDEntity assembly-IDOrganismNcbi tax-ID
11Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)7111
21Escherichia coli (E. coli)562
Buffer solutionpH: 6.5
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Talos Arctica / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TALOS ARCTICA
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 20000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 5000 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k)

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Processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.36 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 596409 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementHighest resolution: 2.36 Å
Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS)
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.0038620
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.58211691
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d5.5211191
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.041292
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0051487

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