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- PDB-9jbe: Cryo-EM structure of the human LYCHOS in complex with cholesterol... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9jbe
TitleCryo-EM structure of the human LYCHOS in complex with cholesterol and cholesteryl hemisuccinate in the contracted state
ComponentsLysosomal cholesterol signaling protein
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / permease-like domain / GPCR-like domain / cholesterol / mTORC1
Function / homology
Function and homology information


cellular response to cholesterol / cholesterol binding / negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway / positive regulation of TORC1 signaling / cellular response to amino acid starvation / transmembrane transport / cognition / intracellular signal transduction / lysosomal membrane / extracellular exosome
Similarity search - Function
Integral membrane protein GPR155, DEP domain / Membrane transport protein / Membrane transport protein / : / Domain found in Dishevelled, Egl-10, and Pleckstrin (DEP) / DEP domain profile. / Domain found in Dishevelled, Egl-10, and Pleckstrin / DEP domain / Winged helix DNA-binding domain superfamily / Winged helix-like DNA-binding domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycerophosphoethanolamine / : / CHOLESTEROL / 1,2-DIACYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE / CHOLESTEROL HEMISUCCINATE / Lysosomal cholesterol signaling protein
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.31 Å
AuthorsYu, S. / Liang, L.
Funding support China, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)32171224 China
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2025
Title: Structural insights into cholesterol sensing by the LYCHOS-mTORC1 pathway.
Authors: Shang Yu / Jin-Hui Ding / Jia-le Wang / Weize Wang / Peng Zuo / Ao Yang / Zonglin Dai / Yuxin Yin / Jin-Peng Sun / Ling Liang /
Abstract: The lysosomal cholesterol sensor LYCHOS regulates mTORC1 signaling by coupling cholesterol sensing to GATOR1-Rag GTPase modulation, yet its structural mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report six ...The lysosomal cholesterol sensor LYCHOS regulates mTORC1 signaling by coupling cholesterol sensing to GATOR1-Rag GTPase modulation, yet its structural mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report six cryo-electron microscopy structures of human LYCHOS, depicting five distinct states. These are categorized into a contracted state when complexed with a sufficient amount of the cholesterol analogue cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS), and an expanded state when CHS is deficient. The structure forms a homodimer, within each monomer the transmembrane region is divided into a permease-like domain (PLD) and a GPCR-like domain (GLD) with two clearly defined adjacent cholesterol binding sites between them. Cholesterol binding induces a translation of GLD towards PLD and exposes the cytosolic extension of transmembrane 15, which interacts with GATOR1. Our results elucidate the structural mechanism of cholesterol sensing by the mTORC1 pathway, providing a structural basis for developing inhibitors that selectively target mTORC1 pathway by blocking LYCHOS in its expanded state.
History
DepositionAug 27, 2024Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBJ
Revision 1.0Jul 16, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 16, 2025Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 16, 2025Data content type: FSC / Data content type: FSC / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Revision 1.0Jul 16, 2025Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Lysosomal cholesterol signaling protein
B: Lysosomal cholesterol signaling protein
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)206,02017
Polymers196,0682
Non-polymers9,95215
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

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Protein , 1 types, 2 molecules AB

#1: Protein Lysosomal cholesterol signaling protein / LYCHOS / G-protein coupled receptor PGR22


Mass: 98033.820 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: GPR155, PGR22 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: Q7Z3F1

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Non-polymers , 5 types, 15 molecules

#2: Chemical
ChemComp-Y01 / CHOLESTEROL HEMISUCCINATE


Mass: 486.726 Da / Num. of mol.: 4 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C31H50O4 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#3: Chemical
ChemComp-3PE / 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycerophosphoethanolamine / 3-SN-PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE / 1,2-DIACYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOETHANOLAMINE


Mass: 748.065 Da / Num. of mol.: 6 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C41H82NO8P / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION / Comment: phospholipid*YM
#4: Chemical ChemComp-CLR / CHOLESTEROL


Mass: 386.654 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C27H46O / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#5: Chemical ChemComp-A1L34 / [(2~{S})-1-[[(2~{S})-2-[(~{Z})-octadec-9-enoyl]oxy-3-oxidanyl-propoxy]-oxidanyl-phosphoryl]oxy-3-oxidanyl-propan-2-yl] (~{Z})-octadec-9-enoate


Mass: 775.044 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C42H79O10P / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#6: Chemical ChemComp-PC1 / 1,2-DIACYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE / 3-SN-PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE


Mass: 790.145 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C44H88NO8P / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION / Comment: phospholipid*YM

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Details

Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Homodimer of GPR155 / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.4
SpecimenConc.: 7.5 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1600 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1200 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 50.29 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.31 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 41394 / Symmetry type: POINT
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00312043
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.68216248
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d11.3161922
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0431866
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0051914

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