Journal: RSC Chem Biol / Year: 2024 Title: A nanoengineered tandem nitroreductase: designing a robust prodrug-activating nanoreactor. Authors: Mariia Zmyslia / Michael J Capper / Michael Grimmeisen / Kerstin Sartory / Benedikt Deuringer / Mohamed Abdelsalam / Kaiwei Shen / Manfred Jung / Wolfgang Sippl / Hans-Georg Koch / Laurine ...Authors: Mariia Zmyslia / Michael J Capper / Michael Grimmeisen / Kerstin Sartory / Benedikt Deuringer / Mohamed Abdelsalam / Kaiwei Shen / Manfred Jung / Wolfgang Sippl / Hans-Georg Koch / Laurine Kaul / Regine Süss / Jesko Köhnke / Claudia Jessen-Trefzer / Abstract: Nitroreductases are important enzymes for a variety of applications, including cancer therapy and bioremediation. They often require encapsulation to improve stability and activity. We focus on ...Nitroreductases are important enzymes for a variety of applications, including cancer therapy and bioremediation. They often require encapsulation to improve stability and activity. We focus on genetically encoded encapsulation of nitroreductases within protein capsids, like encapsulins. Our study showcases the encapsulation of nitroreductase NfsB as functional dimers within encapsulins, which enhances protein activity and stability in diverse conditions. Mutations within the pore region are beneficial for activity of the encapsulated enzyme, potentially by increasing diffusion rates. Cryogenic electron microscopy reveals the overall architecture of the encapsulated dimeric NfsB within the nanoreactor environment and identifies multiple pore states in the shell. These findings highlight the potential of encapsulins as versatile tools for enhancing enzyme performance across various fields.
Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 95 % / Chamber temperature: 281 K
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Electron microscopy imaging
Microscopy
Model: JEOL CRYO ARM 300
Electron gun
Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lens
Mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 80000 X / Nominal defocus max: 1500 nm / Nominal defocus min: 500 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm / C2 aperture diameter: 100 µm
Specimen holder
Cryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: JEOL
Image recording
Average exposure time: 1.5 sec. / Electron dose: 60.2 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: DIRECT ELECTRON APOLLO (4k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 1
EM imaging optics
Energyfilter name: In-column Omega Filter
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Processing
EM software
ID
Name
Category
1
cryoSPARC
particleselection
2
SerialEM
imageacquisition
4
cryoSPARC
CTFcorrection
10
cryoSPARC
initialEulerassignment
13
cryoSPARC
3Dreconstruction
CTF correction
Type: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Symmetry
Point symmetry: I (icosahedral)
3D reconstruction
Resolution: 2.22 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 546841 / Algorithm: FOURIER SPACE / Num. of class averages: 1 / Symmetry type: POINT
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