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- PDB-9dpb: Human LysRS bound to unmodified tRNA-Lys3 (Undocked State, AMPCPP... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9dpb
TitleHuman LysRS bound to unmodified tRNA-Lys3 (Undocked State, AMPCPP bound)
Components
  • Lysine--tRNA ligase
  • tRNA-Lys3 (unmodified)
KeywordsTRANSLATION / LysRS / aminoacylation / tRNALys3 / AMPCPP
Function / homology
Function and homology information


ATP:ADP adenylyltransferase activity / basophil activation involved in immune response / positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus / Mitochondrial tRNA aminoacylation / lysine-tRNA ligase / Selenoamino acid metabolism / lysine-tRNA ligase activity / lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation / diadenosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process / aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex ...ATP:ADP adenylyltransferase activity / basophil activation involved in immune response / positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus / Mitochondrial tRNA aminoacylation / lysine-tRNA ligase / Selenoamino acid metabolism / lysine-tRNA ligase activity / lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation / diadenosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process / aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex / Cytosolic tRNA aminoacylation / positive regulation of macrophage activation / tRNA processing / amino acid binding / response to X-ray / Transcriptional and post-translational regulation of MITF-M expression and activity / ERK1 and ERK2 cascade / Transferases; Transferring phosphorus-containing groups; Nucleotidyltransferases / tRNA binding / mitochondrial matrix / positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription / protein homodimerization activity / mitochondrion / extracellular space / nucleoplasm / ATP binding / identical protein binding / nucleus / plasma membrane / cytosol / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
Bacterial/eukaryotic lysine-tRNA ligase, class II / Lysine-tRNA ligase, class II / Lysine-tRNA ligase, class II, N-terminal / Lysyl-tRNA synthetase, class II, C-terminal / Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, class II (D/K/N) / tRNA synthetases class II (D, K and N) / OB-fold nucleic acid binding domain, AA-tRNA synthetase-type / OB-fold nucleic acid binding domain / Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, class II / Aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetases class-II family profile. ...Bacterial/eukaryotic lysine-tRNA ligase, class II / Lysine-tRNA ligase, class II / Lysine-tRNA ligase, class II, N-terminal / Lysyl-tRNA synthetase, class II, C-terminal / Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, class II (D/K/N) / tRNA synthetases class II (D, K and N) / OB-fold nucleic acid binding domain, AA-tRNA synthetase-type / OB-fold nucleic acid binding domain / Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, class II / Aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetases class-II family profile. / Class II Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/Biotinyl protein ligase (BPL) and lipoyl protein ligase (LPL) / Nucleic acid-binding, OB-fold
Similarity search - Domain/homology
DIPHOSPHOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID ADENOSYL ESTER / LYSINE / : / RNA / RNA (> 10) / Lysine--tRNA ligase
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.9 Å
AuthorsDevarkar, S.C. / Xiong, Y.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute Of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID)AI157890-01A1 (R21 grant) United States
CitationJournal: Nucleic Acids Res / Year: 2025
Title: Structural basis for aminoacylation of cellular modified tRNALys3 by human lysyl-tRNA synthetase.
Authors: Swapnil C Devarkar / Christina R Budding / Chathuri Pathirage / Arundhati Kavoor / Cassandra Herbert / Patrick A Limbach / Karin Musier-Forsyth / Yong Xiong /
Abstract: The average eukaryotic transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) contains 13 post-transcriptional modifications; however, their functional impact is largely unknown. Our understanding of the complex tRNA ...The average eukaryotic transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) contains 13 post-transcriptional modifications; however, their functional impact is largely unknown. Our understanding of the complex tRNA aminoacylation machinery in metazoans also remains limited. Herein, using a series of high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures, we provide the mechanistic basis for recognition and aminoacylation of fully modified cellular tRNALys3 by human lysyl-tRNA synthetase (h-LysRS). The tRNALys3 anticodon loop modifications S34 (mcm5s2U) and R37 (ms2t6A) play an integral role in recognition by h-LysRS. Modifications in the T-, variable-, and D-loops of tRNALys3 are critical for ordering the metazoan-specific N-terminal domain of LysRS. The two catalytic steps of tRNALys3 aminoacylation are structurally ordered; docking of the 3'-CCA end in the active site cannot proceed until the lysyl-adenylate intermediate is formed and the pyrophosphate byproduct is released. Association of the h-LysRS-tRNALys3 complex with a multi-tRNA synthetase complex-derived peptide shifts the equilibrium toward the 3'-CCA end "docked" conformation and allosterically increases h-LysRS catalytic efficiency. The insights presented here have broad implications for understanding the role of tRNA modifications in protein synthesis, the human aminoacylation machinery, and the growing catalog of metabolic and neurological diseases linked to it.
History
DepositionSep 20, 2024Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Mar 12, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Lysine--tRNA ligase
B: Lysine--tRNA ligase
C: tRNA-Lys3 (unmodified)
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)162,16012
Polymers160,7353
Non-polymers1,4259
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

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Protein / RNA chain , 2 types, 3 molecules ABC

#1: Protein Lysine--tRNA ligase / Lysyl-tRNA synthetase / LysRS


Mass: 68143.953 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Fragment: Human KRS
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: KARS, KIAA0070 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
References: UniProt: Q15046, Transferases; Transferring phosphorus-containing groups; Nucleotidyltransferases, lysine-tRNA ligase
#2: RNA chain tRNA-Lys3 (unmodified)


Mass: 24447.480 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Homo sapiens (human) / References: GenBank: 175401

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Non-polymers , 4 types, 9 molecules

#3: Chemical ChemComp-LYS / LYSINE


Type: L-peptide linking / Mass: 147.195 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C6H15N2O2 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#4: Chemical ChemComp-APC / DIPHOSPHOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID ADENOSYL ESTER / ALPHA,BETA-METHYLENEADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE


Mass: 505.208 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C11H18N5O12P3 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION / Comment: AMP-CPP, energy-carrying molecule analogue*YM
#5: Chemical
ChemComp-MG / MAGNESIUM ION


Mass: 24.305 Da / Num. of mol.: 4 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Mg
#6: Chemical ChemComp-NA / SODIUM ION


Mass: 22.990 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Na

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Details

Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Human LysRS bound to unmodified tRNA-Lys3 (Undocked State, AMPCPP bound)
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#2 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightExperimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 81000 X / Nominal defocus max: 2000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm / C2 aperture diameter: 70 µm
Image recordingElectron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Version: 1.20.1_4487: / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.9 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 430648 / Symmetry type: POINT
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00310209
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.54414160
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d11.9331990
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0381598
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0051549

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