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- PDB-9dnn: Insulin receptor in complex with both insulin and de novo designe... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9dnn
TitleInsulin receptor in complex with both insulin and de novo designed site-2 binder "S2B".
Components
  • Designed site-2 binder S2B
  • Insulin
  • Insulin receptor
KeywordsSIGNALING PROTEIN / Insulin receptor / insulin / designed binder
Function / homology
Function and homology information


Signaling by Insulin receptor / IRS activation / Insulin receptor signalling cascade / Signal attenuation / Insulin receptor recycling / PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling / regulation of female gonad development / positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle / insulin-like growth factor II binding / positive regulation of developmental growth ...Signaling by Insulin receptor / IRS activation / Insulin receptor signalling cascade / Signal attenuation / Insulin receptor recycling / PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling / regulation of female gonad development / positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle / insulin-like growth factor II binding / positive regulation of developmental growth / male sex determination / insulin receptor complex / insulin-like growth factor I binding / insulin receptor activity / exocrine pancreas development / nuclear lumen / insulin binding / adrenal gland development / PTB domain binding / negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process / positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction / negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process / negative regulation of feeding behavior / Signaling by Insulin receptor / IRS activation / regulation of protein secretion / Insulin processing / positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion / positive regulation of respiratory burst / negative regulation of acute inflammatory response / Regulation of gene expression in beta cells / alpha-beta T cell activation / positive regulation of receptor internalization / regulation of embryonic development / insulin receptor substrate binding / positive regulation of dendritic spine maintenance / Synthesis, secretion, and deacylation of Ghrelin / negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response / protein kinase activator activity / epidermis development / activation of protein kinase B activity / negative regulation of protein secretion / negative regulation of gluconeogenesis / positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway / positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process / fatty acid homeostasis / Signal attenuation / FOXO-mediated transcription of oxidative stress, metabolic and neuronal genes / negative regulation of lipid catabolic process / positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process / heart morphogenesis / negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway / regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane / phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding / nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling / transport vesicle / COPI-mediated anterograde transport / positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity / Insulin receptor recycling / negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process / insulin-like growth factor receptor binding / positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation / NPAS4 regulates expression of target genes / neuron projection maintenance / endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane / positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division / Insulin receptor signalling cascade / positive regulation of glycolytic process / positive regulation of cytokine production / animal organ morphogenesis / endosome lumen / positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation / acute-phase response / positive regulation of D-glucose import / positive regulation of protein secretion / insulin receptor binding / positive regulation of cell differentiation / Regulation of insulin secretion / wound healing / positive regulation of neuron projection development / receptor protein-tyrosine kinase / hormone activity / negative regulation of protein catabolic process / regulation of synaptic plasticity / caveola / cellular response to growth factor stimulus / receptor internalization / positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus / Golgi lumen / vasodilation / cognition / male gonad development / recycling endosome membrane / glucose metabolic process / positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process / insulin receptor signaling pathway / nuclear envelope / late endosome / cell-cell signaling / glucose homeostasis
Similarity search - Function
Insulin receptor, trans-membrane domain / Insulin receptor trans-membrane segment / Tyrosine-protein kinase, insulin-like receptor / Tyrosine-protein kinase, receptor class II, conserved site / Receptor tyrosine kinase class II signature. / Insulin / Insulin family / Insulin-like / Insulin/IGF/Relaxin family / Insulin / insulin-like growth factor / relaxin family. ...Insulin receptor, trans-membrane domain / Insulin receptor trans-membrane segment / Tyrosine-protein kinase, insulin-like receptor / Tyrosine-protein kinase, receptor class II, conserved site / Receptor tyrosine kinase class II signature. / Insulin / Insulin family / Insulin-like / Insulin/IGF/Relaxin family / Insulin / insulin-like growth factor / relaxin family. / Insulin, conserved site / Insulin family signature. / Insulin-like superfamily / Receptor L-domain / Furin-like cysteine-rich domain / Receptor L-domain superfamily / Furin-like cysteine rich region / Receptor L domain / Furin-like repeat / Furin-like repeats / Fibronectin type III domain / Growth factor receptor cysteine-rich domain superfamily / : / Fibronectin type 3 domain / Fibronectin type-III domain profile. / Fibronectin type III / Fibronectin type III superfamily / Tyrosine-protein kinase, catalytic domain / Tyrosine kinase, catalytic domain / Tyrosine protein kinases specific active-site signature. / Tyrosine-protein kinase, active site / Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase, catalytic domain / Protein tyrosine and serine/threonine kinase / Protein kinase, ATP binding site / Protein kinases ATP-binding region signature. / Immunoglobulin-like fold / Protein kinase domain profile. / Protein kinase domain / Protein kinase-like domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Insulin / Insulin receptor
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesMus musculus (house mouse)
Homo sapiens (human)
synthetic construct (others)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 6.1 Å
AuthorsBai, X.C.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS) United States
CitationJournal: Mol Cell / Year: 2025
Title: Tuning insulin receptor signaling using de novo-designed agonists.
Authors: Xinru Wang / Sarah Cardoso / Kai Cai / Preetham Venkatesh / Albert Hung / Michelle Ng / Catherine Hall / Brian Coventry / David S Lee / Rishabh Chowhan / Stacey Gerben / Jie Li / Weidong An ...Authors: Xinru Wang / Sarah Cardoso / Kai Cai / Preetham Venkatesh / Albert Hung / Michelle Ng / Catherine Hall / Brian Coventry / David S Lee / Rishabh Chowhan / Stacey Gerben / Jie Li / Weidong An / Mara Hon / Michael Gao / Ya-Cheng Liao / Domenico Accili / Eunhee Choi / Xiao-Chen Bai / David Baker /
Abstract: Insulin binding induces conformational changes in the insulin receptor (IR) that activate the intracellular kinase domain and the protein kinase B (AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ...Insulin binding induces conformational changes in the insulin receptor (IR) that activate the intracellular kinase domain and the protein kinase B (AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, regulating metabolism and proliferation. We reasoned that designed agonists inducing different IR conformational changes might induce different downstream responses. We used de novo protein design to generate binders for individual IR extracellular domains and fused them in different orientations with different conformational flexibility. We obtained a series of synthetic IR agonists that elicit a wide range of receptor autophosphorylation, MAPK activation, trafficking, and proliferation responses. We identified designs more potent than insulin, causing longer-lasting glucose lowering in vivo and retaining activity on disease-causing IR mutants, while largely avoiding the cancer cell proliferation induced by insulin. Our findings shed light on how changes in IR conformation and dynamics translate into downstream signaling, and with further development, our synthetic agonists could have therapeutic utility for metabolic and proliferative diseases.
History
DepositionSep 17, 2024Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Oct 1, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Oct 1, 2025Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Oct 1, 2025Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Oct 1, 2025Data content type: Half map / Part number: 2 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Oct 1, 2025Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Oct 1, 2025Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Oct 29, 2025Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
Item: _citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev ..._citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev / _citation.journal_id_ASTM / _citation.journal_id_CSD / _citation.journal_id_ISSN / _citation.pdbx_database_id_DOI / _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _citation.year / _em_admin.last_update

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Insulin receptor
B: Insulin receptor
C: Insulin
D: Insulin
E: Designed site-2 binder S2B
F: Designed site-2 binder S2B


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)350,6666
Polymers350,6666
Non-polymers00
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

#1: Protein Insulin receptor / IR


Mass: 155790.516 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Mus musculus (house mouse) / Gene: Insr / Production host: Homo sapiens (human)
References: UniProt: P15208, receptor protein-tyrosine kinase
#2: Protein Insulin


Mass: 11989.862 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: INS / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P01308
#3: Protein Designed site-2 binder S2B


Mass: 7552.734 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) synthetic construct (others) / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Insulin receptor bound with both insulin and designed site-2 binder S2B.
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: all / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 0.4 MDa / Experimental value: YES
Source (natural)Organism: Mus musculus (house mouse)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.4
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportGrid material: GOLD / Grid mesh size: 300 divisions/in. / Grid type: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

MicroscopyModel: TFS GLACIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 200 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2200 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1200 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 60 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM software
IDNameCategory
1RELIONparticle selection
2SerialEMimage acquisition
4GctfCTF correction
7Cootmodel fitting
9RELIONinitial Euler assignment
10RELIONfinal Euler assignment
11RELIONclassification
12RELION3D reconstruction
13PHENIXmodel refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 977361
SymmetryPoint symmetry: C2 (2 fold cyclic)
3D reconstructionResolution: 6.1 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 10481 / Symmetry type: POINT

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