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- PDB-9d5s: Apo ACE full dimer 3 prepared by chameleon -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9d5s
TitleApo ACE full dimer 3 prepared by chameleon
ComponentsAngiotensin-converting enzyme
KeywordsHYDROLASE / homodimer / zinc metalloprotease
Function / homology
Function and homology information


mononuclear cell proliferation / cell proliferation in bone marrow / bradykinin receptor binding / exopeptidase activity / regulation of angiotensin metabolic process / substance P catabolic process / tripeptidyl-peptidase activity / peptidyl-dipeptidase A / regulation of renal output by angiotensin / negative regulation of gap junction assembly ...mononuclear cell proliferation / cell proliferation in bone marrow / bradykinin receptor binding / exopeptidase activity / regulation of angiotensin metabolic process / substance P catabolic process / tripeptidyl-peptidase activity / peptidyl-dipeptidase A / regulation of renal output by angiotensin / negative regulation of gap junction assembly / hormone catabolic process / bradykinin catabolic process / metallodipeptidase activity / regulation of smooth muscle cell migration / regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation / neutrophil mediated immunity / hormone metabolic process / mitogen-activated protein kinase binding / mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding / chloride ion binding / arachidonate secretion / post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression / peptide catabolic process / heart contraction / antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I / positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure / regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction / regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin / blood vessel remodeling / amyloid-beta metabolic process / hematopoietic stem cell differentiation / regulation of vasoconstriction / peptidyl-dipeptidase activity / Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins / angiotensin maturation / metallocarboxypeptidase activity / blood vessel diameter maintenance / angiotensin-activated signaling pathway / kidney development / regulation of synaptic plasticity / metalloendopeptidase activity / regulation of blood pressure / male gonad development / metallopeptidase activity / peptidase activity / actin binding / spermatogenesis / endopeptidase activity / calmodulin binding / lysosome / endosome / negative regulation of gene expression / external side of plasma membrane / proteolysis / extracellular space / extracellular exosome / extracellular region / zinc ion binding / plasma membrane
Similarity search - Function
Peptidase M2, peptidyl-dipeptidase A / Angiotensin-converting enzyme / Peptidase family M2 domain profile. / Neutral zinc metallopeptidases, zinc-binding region signature.
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.99 Å
AuthorsMancl, J.M. / Tang, W.J.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS) United States
Citation
Journal: Elife / Year: 2025
Title: Dimerization and dynamics of human angiotensin-I converting enzyme revealed by cryo-EM and MD simulations.
Authors: Jordan M Mancl / Xiaoyang Wu / Minglei Zhao / Wei-Jen Tang /
Abstract: Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) regulates the levels of disparate bioactive peptides, notably converting angiotensin-I to angiotensin-II and degrading amyloid beta. ACE is a heavily ...Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) regulates the levels of disparate bioactive peptides, notably converting angiotensin-I to angiotensin-II and degrading amyloid beta. ACE is a heavily glycosylated dimer, containing four analogous catalytic sites, and exists in membrane-bound and soluble (sACE) forms. ACE inhibition is a frontline, FDA-approved, therapy for cardiovascular diseases yet is associated with significant side effects, including higher rates of lung cancer. To date, structural studies have been confined to individual domains or partially denatured cryo-EM structures. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of the glycosylated full human sACE dimer. We resolved four structural states at 2.99 - 3.65 Å resolution which are primarily differentiated by varying degrees of solvent accessibility to the active sites and reveal the full dimerization interface. We also employed all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and heterogeneity analysis in cryoSPARC, cryoDRGN, and RECOVAR to elucidate the conformational dynamics of sACE and identify key regions mediating conformational change. We identify differences in the mechanisms governing the conformational dynamics of individual domains that have implications for the design of domain-specific sACE modulators.
#1: Journal: Elife / Year: 2025
Title: Dimerization and dynamics of angiotensin-I converting enzyme revealed by cryoEM and MD simulations
Authors: Mancl, J.M. / Wu, X. / Zhao, M. / Tang, W.J.
History
DepositionAug 14, 2024Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Jun 18, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Oct 8, 2025Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin / Item: _em_admin.last_update

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Angiotensin-converting enzyme
1: Angiotensin-converting enzyme
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)292,16117
Polymers285,6102
Non-polymers6,55115
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

#1: Protein Angiotensin-converting enzyme / ACE / Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I / Kininase II


Mass: 142804.797 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: ACE, DCP, DCP1 / Cell (production host): HEK293 / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P12821, peptidyl-dipeptidase A
#2: Polysaccharide beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta- ...beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 586.542 Da / Num. of mol.: 3
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/2,3,2/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5]/1-1-2/a4-b1_b4-c1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#3: Polysaccharide beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-[alpha-L-fucopyranose-(1- ...beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-[alpha-L-fucopyranose-(1-6)]2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 732.682 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4[LFucpa1-6]DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/3,4,3/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5][a1221m-1a_1-5]/1-1-2-3/a4-b1_a6-d1_b4-c1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{}}[(6+1)][a-L-Fucp]{}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#4: Polysaccharide
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 424.401 Da / Num. of mol.: 8
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/1,2,1/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1-1/a4-b1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#5: Sugar ChemComp-NAG / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose / N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-glucose / N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE


Type: D-saccharide, beta linking / Mass: 221.208 Da / Num. of mol.: 3 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C8H15NO6
IdentifierTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcbCONDENSED IUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
N-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosamineCOMMON NAMEGMML 1.0
b-D-GlcpNAcIUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLPDB-CARE 1.0
GlcNAcSNFG CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
Has ligand of interestN
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Angiotensin I converting enzyme homodimer / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightExperimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human) / Cell: HEK293
Buffer solutionpH: 5.5
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE / Details: Grids prepared at NCCAT using Chameleon

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 4000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 500 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 52.82 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.99 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 48375 / Symmetry type: POINT
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00420589
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.60628038
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d8.4843351
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0423010
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0043599

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