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Yorodumi- PDB-8vku: Structure of VCP in complex with an ATPase activator (D2 domains ... -
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-Basic information
Entry | Database: PDB / ID: 8vku | ||||||
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Title | Structure of VCP in complex with an ATPase activator (D2 domains only, hexameric form) | ||||||
Components | Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase | ||||||
Keywords | HYDROLASE/ACTIVATOR / activator / complex / ATPase / AAA protein / HYDROLASE / HYDROLASE-ACTIVATOR complex | ||||||
Function / homology | Function and homology information positive regulation of Lys63-specific deubiquitinase activity / flavin adenine dinucleotide catabolic process / positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation / VCP-NSFL1C complex / cytoplasm protein quality control / endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway / endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced pre-emptive quality control / cellular response to arsenite ion / Derlin-1 retrotranslocation complex / BAT3 complex binding ...positive regulation of Lys63-specific deubiquitinase activity / flavin adenine dinucleotide catabolic process / positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation / VCP-NSFL1C complex / cytoplasm protein quality control / endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway / endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced pre-emptive quality control / cellular response to arsenite ion / Derlin-1 retrotranslocation complex / BAT3 complex binding / protein-DNA covalent cross-linking repair / positive regulation of protein K63-linked deubiquitination / deubiquitinase activator activity / mitotic spindle disassembly / VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex / ubiquitin-modified protein reader activity / regulation of protein localization to chromatin / aggresome assembly / vesicle-fusing ATPase / NADH metabolic process / cellular response to misfolded protein / stress granule disassembly / negative regulation of protein localization to chromatin / positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential / retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol / K48-linked polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding / regulation of aerobic respiration / regulation of synapse organization / positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process / ubiquitin-specific protease binding / ATPase complex / MHC class I protein binding / ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding / RHOH GTPase cycle / polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding / autophagosome maturation / HSF1 activation / negative regulation of hippo signaling / endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport / proteasomal protein catabolic process / translesion synthesis / Protein methylation / interstrand cross-link repair / ATP metabolic process / negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway / ERAD pathway / endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response / Attachment and Entry / proteasome complex / viral genome replication / lipid droplet / Josephin domain DUBs / N-glycan trimming in the ER and Calnexin/Calreticulin cycle / macroautophagy / Hh mutants are degraded by ERAD / Hedgehog ligand biogenesis / Defective CFTR causes cystic fibrosis / positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly / ADP binding / Translesion Synthesis by POLH / establishment of protein localization / ABC-family proteins mediated transport / : / autophagy / Aggrephagy / cytoplasmic stress granule / positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction / positive regulation of protein catabolic process / azurophil granule lumen / KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway / positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway / double-strand break repair / Ovarian tumor domain proteases / positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process / E3 ubiquitin ligases ubiquitinate target proteins / site of double-strand break / Neddylation / cellular response to heat / ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process / protein phosphatase binding / secretory granule lumen / regulation of apoptotic process / proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process / ficolin-1-rich granule lumen / Attachment and Entry / protein ubiquitination / protein domain specific binding / intracellular membrane-bounded organelle / DNA repair / lipid binding / glutamatergic synapse / DNA damage response / ubiquitin protein ligase binding / Neutrophil degranulation / endoplasmic reticulum membrane / perinuclear region of cytoplasm / endoplasmic reticulum / ATP hydrolysis activity / protein-containing complex / RNA binding Similarity search - Function | ||||||
Biological species | Homo sapiens (human) | ||||||
Method | ELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.5 Å | ||||||
Authors | Jones, N.H. / Urnivicius, L. / Kapoor, T.M. | ||||||
Funding support | United States, 1items
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Citation | Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A / Year: 2024 Title: Allosteric activation of VCP, an AAA unfoldase, by small molecule mimicry. Authors: Natalie H Jones / Qiwen Liu / Linas Urnavicius / Noa E Dahan / Lauren E Vostal / Tarun M Kapoor / Abstract: The loss of function of AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) mechanoenzymes has been linked to diseases, and small molecules that activate these proteins can be powerful tools to ...The loss of function of AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) mechanoenzymes has been linked to diseases, and small molecules that activate these proteins can be powerful tools to probe mechanisms and test therapeutic hypotheses. Unlike chemical inhibitors that can bind a single conformational state to block enzyme function, activator binding must be permissive to different conformational states needed for mechanochemistry. However, we do not know how AAA proteins can be activated by small molecules. Here, we focus on valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97, an AAA unfoldase whose loss of function has been linked to protein aggregation-based disorders, to identify druggable sites for chemical activators. We identified VCP ATPase Activator 1 (VAA1), a compound that dose-dependently stimulates VCP ATPase activity up to ~threefold. Our cryo-EM studies resulted in structures (ranging from ~2.9 to 3.7 Å-resolution) of VCP in apo and ADP-bound states and revealed that VAA1 binds an allosteric pocket near the C-terminus in both states. Engineered mutations in the VAA1-binding site confer resistance to VAA1, and furthermore, modulate VCP activity. Mutation of a phenylalanine residue in the VCP C-terminal tail that can occupy the VAA1 binding site also stimulates ATPase activity, suggesting that VAA1 acts by mimicking this interaction. Together, our findings uncover a druggable allosteric site and a mechanism of enzyme regulation that can be tuned through small molecule mimicry. #1: Journal: bioRxiv / Year: 2023 Title: Allosteric activation of VCP, a AAA unfoldase, by small molecule mimicry. Authors: N H Jones / Q Liu / L Urnavicius / N E Dahan / L E Vostal / T M Kapoor Abstract: The loss of function of AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) mechanoenzymes has been linked to diseases, and small molecules that activate these proteins can be powerful tools to ...The loss of function of AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) mechanoenzymes has been linked to diseases, and small molecules that activate these proteins can be powerful tools to probe mechanisms and test therapeutic hypotheses. Unlike chemical inhibitors that can bind a single conformational state to block enzyme activity, activator binding must be permissive to different conformational states needed for enzyme function. However, we do not know how AAA proteins can be activated by small molecules. Here, we focus on valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97, a AAA unfoldase whose loss of function has been linked to protein aggregation-based disorders, to identify druggable sites for chemical activators. We identified VCP Activator 1 (VA1), a compound that dose-dependently stimulates VCP ATPase activity up to ∼3-fold. Our cryo-EM studies resulted in structures (∼2.9-3.5 Å-resolution) of VCP in apo and ADP-bound states, and revealed VA1 binding an allosteric pocket near the C-terminus in both states. Engineered mutations in the VA1 binding site confer resistance to VA1, and furthermore, modulate VCP activity to a similar level as VA1-mediated activation. The VA1 binding site can alternatively be occupied by a phenylalanine residue in the VCP C-terminal tail, a motif that is post-translationally modified and interacts with cofactors. Together, our findings uncover a druggable allosteric site and a mechanism of enzyme regulation that can be tuned through small molecule mimicry. SIGNIFICANCE: The loss of function of valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97), a mechanoenzyme from the AAA superfamily that hydrolyzes ATP and uses the released energy to extract or unfold substrate ...SIGNIFICANCE: The loss of function of valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97), a mechanoenzyme from the AAA superfamily that hydrolyzes ATP and uses the released energy to extract or unfold substrate proteins, is linked to protein aggregation-based disorders. However, druggable allosteric sites to activate VCP, or any AAA mechanoenzyme, have not been identified. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of VCP in two states in complex with VA1, a compound we identified that dose-dependently stimulates VCP's ATP hydrolysis activity. The VA1 binding site can also be occupied by a phenylalanine residue in the VCP C-terminal tail, suggesting that VA1 acts through mimicry of this interaction. Our study reveals a druggable allosteric site and a mechanism of enzyme regulation. | ||||||
History |
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-Structure visualization
Structure viewer | Molecule: MolmilJmol/JSmol |
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-Downloads & links
-Download
PDBx/mmCIF format | 8vku.cif.gz | 330.6 KB | Display | PDBx/mmCIF format |
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PDB format | pdb8vku.ent.gz | Display | PDB format | |
PDBx/mmJSON format | 8vku.json.gz | Tree view | PDBx/mmJSON format | |
Others | Other downloads |
-Validation report
Summary document | 8vku_validation.pdf.gz | 1.5 MB | Display | wwPDB validaton report |
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Full document | 8vku_full_validation.pdf.gz | 1.5 MB | Display | |
Data in XML | 8vku_validation.xml.gz | 63.9 KB | Display | |
Data in CIF | 8vku_validation.cif.gz | 88.4 KB | Display | |
Arichive directory | https://data.pdbj.org/pub/pdb/validation_reports/vk/8vku ftp://data.pdbj.org/pub/pdb/validation_reports/vk/8vku | HTTPS FTP |
-Related structure data
Related structure data | 43329MC 8vlsC 8vovC M: map data used to model this data C: citing same article (ref.) |
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Similar structure data | Similarity search - Function & homologyF&H Search |
-Links
-Assembly
Deposited unit |
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1 |
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-Components
#1: Protein | Mass: 89436.820 Da / Num. of mol.: 6 Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: VCP / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P55072, vesicle-fusing ATPase #2: Chemical | ChemComp-A1AC1 / ( Mass: 354.466 Da / Num. of mol.: 6 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C20H22N2O2S / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION Has ligand of interest | Y | |
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-Experimental details
-Experiment
Experiment | Method: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY |
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EM experiment | Aggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction |
-Sample preparation
Component | Name: Complex of VCP with ATPase activator small molecule VAA1 Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Source (natural) | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source (recombinant) | Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Buffer solution | pH: 7.5 Details: 50 mM K.HEPES pH 7.5, 25 mM KCl, 2.5 mM MgCl2, 2.5 mM GSH, 0.5% DMSO, 0.01% FOM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Buffer component |
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Specimen | Conc.: 1 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vitrification | Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 298 K |
-Electron microscopy imaging
Experimental equipment | Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company |
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Microscopy | Model: FEI TITAN KRIOS |
Electron gun | Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM |
Electron lens | Mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 4000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm |
Image recording | Electron dose: 49 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) |
-Processing
EM software |
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CTF correction | Type: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Particle selection | Num. of particles selected: 5933232 / Details: Autopicking | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Symmetry | Point symmetry: C6 (6 fold cyclic) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3D reconstruction | Resolution: 3.5 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 84156 / Symmetry type: POINT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Atomic model building | Space: REAL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Atomic model building | PDB-ID: 5FTL Accession code: 5FTL / Source name: PDB / Type: experimental model | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Refinement | Cross valid method: NONE Stereochemistry target values: GeoStd + Monomer Library + CDL v1.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Displacement parameters | Biso mean: 81.62 Å2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Refine LS restraints |
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