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- PDB-8vku: Structure of VCP in complex with an ATPase activator (D2 domains ... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 8vku
TitleStructure of VCP in complex with an ATPase activator (D2 domains only, hexameric form)
ComponentsTransitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase
KeywordsHYDROLASE/ACTIVATOR / activator / complex / ATPase / AAA protein / HYDROLASE / HYDROLASE-ACTIVATOR complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


positive regulation of Lys63-specific deubiquitinase activity / flavin adenine dinucleotide catabolic process / positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation / VCP-NSFL1C complex / endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway / protein-DNA covalent cross-linking repair / endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced pre-emptive quality control / cellular response to arsenite ion / Derlin-1 retrotranslocation complex / BAT3 complex binding ...positive regulation of Lys63-specific deubiquitinase activity / flavin adenine dinucleotide catabolic process / positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation / VCP-NSFL1C complex / endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway / protein-DNA covalent cross-linking repair / endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced pre-emptive quality control / cellular response to arsenite ion / Derlin-1 retrotranslocation complex / BAT3 complex binding / positive regulation of protein K63-linked deubiquitination / deubiquitinase activator activity / aggresome assembly / regulation of protein localization to chromatin / vesicle-fusing ATPase / mitotic spindle disassembly / VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex / NADH metabolic process / cellular response to misfolded protein / stress granule disassembly / K48-linked polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding / positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential / negative regulation of protein localization to chromatin / ubiquitin-modified protein reader activity / retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol / regulation of aerobic respiration / positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process / regulation of synapse organization / ATPase complex / ubiquitin-specific protease binding / ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding / MHC class I protein binding / RHOH GTPase cycle / autophagosome maturation / HSF1 activation / polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding / proteasomal protein catabolic process / Protein methylation / endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport / translesion synthesis / interstrand cross-link repair / negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway / ERAD pathway / ATP metabolic process / Attachment and Entry / endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response / viral genome replication / lipid droplet / proteasome complex / Josephin domain DUBs / N-glycan trimming in the ER and Calnexin/Calreticulin cycle / Hh mutants are degraded by ERAD / macroautophagy / Defective CFTR causes cystic fibrosis / Hedgehog ligand biogenesis / Translesion Synthesis by POLH / positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly / ABC-family proteins mediated transport / establishment of protein localization / ADP binding / autophagy / Aggrephagy / cytoplasmic stress granule / positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction / positive regulation of protein catabolic process / activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process / KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway / azurophil granule lumen / double-strand break repair / Ovarian tumor domain proteases / positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process / positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway / E3 ubiquitin ligases ubiquitinate target proteins / Neddylation / site of double-strand break / cellular response to heat / ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process / regulation of apoptotic process / protein phosphatase binding / proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process / secretory granule lumen / ficolin-1-rich granule lumen / Attachment and Entry / protein ubiquitination / protein domain specific binding / intracellular membrane-bounded organelle / DNA repair / glutamatergic synapse / lipid binding / ubiquitin protein ligase binding / DNA damage response / Neutrophil degranulation / endoplasmic reticulum membrane / perinuclear region of cytoplasm / endoplasmic reticulum / ATP hydrolysis activity / protein-containing complex / RNA binding / extracellular exosome / extracellular region
Similarity search - Function
AAA ATPase, CDC48 family / Cell division protein 48 (CDC48), N-terminal domain / CDC48, N-terminal subdomain / Cell division protein 48 (CDC48) N-terminal domain / CDC48, domain 2 / Cell division protein 48 (CDC48), domain 2 / Cell division protein 48 (CDC48) domain 2 / CDC48 domain 2-like superfamily / Aspartate decarboxylase-like domain superfamily / AAA ATPase, AAA+ lid domain ...AAA ATPase, CDC48 family / Cell division protein 48 (CDC48), N-terminal domain / CDC48, N-terminal subdomain / Cell division protein 48 (CDC48) N-terminal domain / CDC48, domain 2 / Cell division protein 48 (CDC48), domain 2 / Cell division protein 48 (CDC48) domain 2 / CDC48 domain 2-like superfamily / Aspartate decarboxylase-like domain superfamily / AAA ATPase, AAA+ lid domain / AAA+ lid domain / ATPase, AAA-type, conserved site / AAA-protein family signature. / ATPase family associated with various cellular activities (AAA) / ATPase, AAA-type, core / ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities / AAA+ ATPase domain / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
: / Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.5 Å
AuthorsJones, N.H. / Urnivicius, L. / Kapoor, T.M.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)GM130234 United States
Citation
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A / Year: 2024
Title: Allosteric activation of VCP, an AAA unfoldase, by small molecule mimicry.
Authors: Natalie H Jones / Qiwen Liu / Linas Urnavicius / Noa E Dahan / Lauren E Vostal / Tarun M Kapoor /
Abstract: The loss of function of AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) mechanoenzymes has been linked to diseases, and small molecules that activate these proteins can be powerful tools to ...The loss of function of AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) mechanoenzymes has been linked to diseases, and small molecules that activate these proteins can be powerful tools to probe mechanisms and test therapeutic hypotheses. Unlike chemical inhibitors that can bind a single conformational state to block enzyme function, activator binding must be permissive to different conformational states needed for mechanochemistry. However, we do not know how AAA proteins can be activated by small molecules. Here, we focus on valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97, an AAA unfoldase whose loss of function has been linked to protein aggregation-based disorders, to identify druggable sites for chemical activators. We identified VCP ATPase Activator 1 (VAA1), a compound that dose-dependently stimulates VCP ATPase activity up to ~threefold. Our cryo-EM studies resulted in structures (ranging from ~2.9 to 3.7 Å-resolution) of VCP in apo and ADP-bound states and revealed that VAA1 binds an allosteric pocket near the C-terminus in both states. Engineered mutations in the VAA1-binding site confer resistance to VAA1, and furthermore, modulate VCP activity. Mutation of a phenylalanine residue in the VCP C-terminal tail that can occupy the VAA1 binding site also stimulates ATPase activity, suggesting that VAA1 acts by mimicking this interaction. Together, our findings uncover a druggable allosteric site and a mechanism of enzyme regulation that can be tuned through small molecule mimicry.
#1: Journal: bioRxiv / Year: 2023
Title: Allosteric activation of VCP, a AAA unfoldase, by small molecule mimicry.
Authors: N H Jones / Q Liu / L Urnavicius / N E Dahan / L E Vostal / T M Kapoor
Abstract: The loss of function of AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) mechanoenzymes has been linked to diseases, and small molecules that activate these proteins can be powerful tools to ...The loss of function of AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) mechanoenzymes has been linked to diseases, and small molecules that activate these proteins can be powerful tools to probe mechanisms and test therapeutic hypotheses. Unlike chemical inhibitors that can bind a single conformational state to block enzyme activity, activator binding must be permissive to different conformational states needed for enzyme function. However, we do not know how AAA proteins can be activated by small molecules. Here, we focus on valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97, a AAA unfoldase whose loss of function has been linked to protein aggregation-based disorders, to identify druggable sites for chemical activators. We identified VCP Activator 1 (VA1), a compound that dose-dependently stimulates VCP ATPase activity up to ∼3-fold. Our cryo-EM studies resulted in structures (∼2.9-3.5 Å-resolution) of VCP in apo and ADP-bound states, and revealed VA1 binding an allosteric pocket near the C-terminus in both states. Engineered mutations in the VA1 binding site confer resistance to VA1, and furthermore, modulate VCP activity to a similar level as VA1-mediated activation. The VA1 binding site can alternatively be occupied by a phenylalanine residue in the VCP C-terminal tail, a motif that is post-translationally modified and interacts with cofactors. Together, our findings uncover a druggable allosteric site and a mechanism of enzyme regulation that can be tuned through small molecule mimicry.
SIGNIFICANCE: The loss of function of valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97), a mechanoenzyme from the AAA superfamily that hydrolyzes ATP and uses the released energy to extract or unfold substrate ...SIGNIFICANCE: The loss of function of valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97), a mechanoenzyme from the AAA superfamily that hydrolyzes ATP and uses the released energy to extract or unfold substrate proteins, is linked to protein aggregation-based disorders. However, druggable allosteric sites to activate VCP, or any AAA mechanoenzyme, have not been identified. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of VCP in two states in complex with VA1, a compound we identified that dose-dependently stimulates VCP's ATP hydrolysis activity. The VA1 binding site can also be occupied by a phenylalanine residue in the VCP C-terminal tail, suggesting that VA1 acts through mimicry of this interaction. Our study reveals a druggable allosteric site and a mechanism of enzyme regulation.
History
DepositionJan 9, 2024Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Jun 19, 2024Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase
B: Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase
C: Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase
D: Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase
E: Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase
F: Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)538,74812
Polymers536,6216
Non-polymers2,1276
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein
Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase / TER ATPase / 15S Mg(2+)-ATPase p97 subunit / Valosin-containing protein / VCP


Mass: 89436.820 Da / Num. of mol.: 6
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: VCP / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P55072, vesicle-fusing ATPase
#2: Chemical
ChemComp-A1AC1 / (3R)-N-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)phenyl]-3-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)butanamide


Mass: 354.466 Da / Num. of mol.: 6 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C20H22N2O2S / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
Has ligand of interestY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Complex of VCP with ATPase activator small molecule VAA1
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
Details: 50 mM K.HEPES pH 7.5, 25 mM KCl, 2.5 mM MgCl2, 2.5 mM GSH, 0.5% DMSO, 0.01% FOM
Buffer component
IDConc.NameFormulaBuffer-ID
150 mMHEPESC8H18N2O4S1
225 mMpotassium chlorideKCl1
32.5 mMmagnesium chlorideMgCl21
42.5 mMglutathioneC10H17N3O6S1
50.5 %DMSO(CH3)2SO1
60.01 %FOMC20H25F13O111
SpecimenConc.: 1 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 298 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 4000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 49 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
1RELIONparticle selection
4CTFFIND4CTF correction
7UCSF Chimeramodel fitting
8Cootmodel fitting
10Cootmodel refinement
11PHENIXmodel refinement
14RELIONclassification
15RELION3D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 5933232 / Details: Autopicking
SymmetryPoint symmetry: C6 (6 fold cyclic)
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.5 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 84156 / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingSpace: REAL
Atomic model buildingPDB-ID: 5FTL

5ftl


Accession code: 5FTL / Source name: PDB / Type: experimental model
RefinementCross valid method: NONE
Stereochemistry target values: GeoStd + Monomer Library + CDL v1.2
Displacement parametersBiso mean: 81.62 Å2
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.003413416
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.57818084
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.04051992
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.00572364
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d4.4521794

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