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- PDB-8v55: Human mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma bound to a replication f... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 8v55
TitleHuman mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma bound to a replication fork in an open conformation
Components
  • DNA polymerase subunit gamma-1
  • DNA polymerase subunit gamma-2, mitochondrial
  • DNA primer chain
  • DNA template chain
KeywordsDNA BINDING PROTEIN/DNA / DNA BINDING PROTEIN / DNA polymerase / mitochondrial DNA replication / DNA polymerase gamma / DNA BINDING PROTEIN-DNA complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


gamma DNA polymerase complex / mitochondrial chromosome / Strand-asynchronous mitochondrial DNA replication / mitochondrial DNA replication / positive regulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity / DNA replication proofreading / single-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity / Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Exodeoxyribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters / DNA metabolic process / DNA polymerase processivity factor activity ...gamma DNA polymerase complex / mitochondrial chromosome / Strand-asynchronous mitochondrial DNA replication / mitochondrial DNA replication / positive regulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity / DNA replication proofreading / single-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity / Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Exodeoxyribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters / DNA metabolic process / DNA polymerase processivity factor activity / mitochondrial nucleoid / Lyases; Carbon-oxygen lyases; Other carbon-oxygen lyases / 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity / base-excision repair, gap-filling / DNA polymerase binding / 3'-5' exonuclease activity / Transcriptional activation of mitochondrial biogenesis / base-excision repair / DNA-templated DNA replication / double-stranded DNA binding / protease binding / in utero embryonic development / DNA-directed DNA polymerase / DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity / mitochondrial matrix / intracellular membrane-bounded organelle / chromatin binding / protein-containing complex / mitochondrion / DNA binding / identical protein binding / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
DNA-directed DNA-polymerase, family A, mitochondria / DNA mitochondrial polymerase, exonuclease domain / POLG2, C-terminal / : / DNA mitochondrial polymerase exonuclease domain / Glycyl-tRNA synthetase/DNA polymerase subunit gamma-2 / Anticodon-binding / Anticodon binding domain / Anticodon-binding domain superfamily / DNA-directed DNA polymerase, family A, conserved site ...DNA-directed DNA-polymerase, family A, mitochondria / DNA mitochondrial polymerase, exonuclease domain / POLG2, C-terminal / : / DNA mitochondrial polymerase exonuclease domain / Glycyl-tRNA synthetase/DNA polymerase subunit gamma-2 / Anticodon-binding / Anticodon binding domain / Anticodon-binding domain superfamily / DNA-directed DNA polymerase, family A, conserved site / DNA polymerase family A signature. / DNA-directed DNA polymerase, family A, palm domain / DNA polymerase A domain / Class II Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/Biotinyl protein ligase (BPL) and lipoyl protein ligase (LPL) / Ribonuclease H-like superfamily / DNA/RNA polymerase superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
DNA / DNA (> 10) / DNA polymerase subunit gamma-1 / DNA polymerase subunit gamma-2
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 4.2 Å
AuthorsRiccio, A.A. / Krahn, J.M. / Bouvette, J. / Borgnia, M.J. / Copeland, W.C.
Funding support United States, 3items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIH/NIEHS)Z01 ES065078 United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIH/NIEHS)Z01 ES065078 United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIH/NIEHS)ZIC ES 103326 United States
CitationJournal: Nucleic Acids Res / Year: 2024
Title: Coordinated DNA polymerization by Polγ and the region of LonP1 regulated proteolysis.
Authors: Amanda A Riccio / Asia J Brannon / Juno M Krahn / Jonathan Bouvette / Jason G Williams / Mario J Borgnia / William C Copeland /
Abstract: The replicative mitochondrial DNA polymerase, Polγ, and its protein regulation are essential for the integrity of the mitochondrial genome. The intricacies of Polγ regulation and its interactions ...The replicative mitochondrial DNA polymerase, Polγ, and its protein regulation are essential for the integrity of the mitochondrial genome. The intricacies of Polγ regulation and its interactions with regulatory proteins, which are essential for fine-tuning polymerase function, remain poorly understood. Misregulation of the Polγ heterotrimer, consisting of (i) PolG, the polymerase catalytic subunit and (ii) PolG2, the accessory subunit, ultimately results in mitochondrial diseases. Here, we used single particle cryo-electron microscopy to resolve the structure of PolG in its apoprotein state and we captured Polγ at three intermediates within the catalytic cycle: DNA bound, engaged, and an active polymerization state. Chemical crosslinking mass spectrometry, and site-directed mutagenesis uncovered the region of LonP1 engagement of PolG, which promoted proteolysis and regulation of PolG protein levels. PolG2 clinical variants, which disrupted a stable Polγ complex, led to enhanced LonP1-mediated PolG degradation. Overall, this insight into Polγ aids in an understanding of mitochondrial DNA replication and characterizes how machinery of the replication fork may be targeted for proteolytic degradation when improperly functioning.
History
DepositionNov 30, 2023Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Jul 10, 2024Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Jul 31, 2024Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / em_admin
Item: _citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first ..._citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first / _citation.page_last / _em_admin.last_update

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: DNA polymerase subunit gamma-1
B: DNA polymerase subunit gamma-2, mitochondrial
C: DNA polymerase subunit gamma-2, mitochondrial
P: DNA primer chain
T: DNA template chain


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)267,4925
Polymers267,4925
Non-polymers00
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

#1: Protein DNA polymerase subunit gamma-1


Mass: 138723.438 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Mutation: D198A, E200A
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: POLG / Production host: unidentified baculovirus / References: UniProt: P54098
#2: Protein DNA polymerase subunit gamma-2, mitochondrial / DNA polymerase gamma accessory 55 kDa subunit / p55 / Mitochondrial DNA polymerase accessory ...DNA polymerase gamma accessory 55 kDa subunit / p55 / Mitochondrial DNA polymerase accessory subunit / MtPolB / PolG-beta


Mass: 53787.281 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: POLG2, MTPOLB / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: Q9UHN1
#3: DNA chain DNA primer chain


Mass: 7595.886 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Homo sapiens (human)
#4: DNA chain DNA template chain


Mass: 13597.686 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Homo sapiens (human)

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: human mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma bound to DNA in an open conformation
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: all / Source: MULTIPLE SOURCES
Molecular weightValue: 0.220 MDa / Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Strain: BL21 (De3)
Buffer solutionpH: 8
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportGrid material: GOLD / Grid type: UltrAuFoil R1.2/1.3
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Talos Arctica / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TALOS ARCTICA
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 200 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: DARK FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2500 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 60 e/Å2 / Detector mode: COUNTING / Film or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k)
Image scansWidth: 3708 / Height: 3838

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Version: 1.21_5207 / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 4.2 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 35252 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementCross valid method: NONE
Stereochemistry target values: GeoStd + Monomer Library + CDL v1.2
Displacement parametersBiso mean: 117.63 Å2
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.002915538
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.541521238
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.03962311
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0062572
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d14.44235879

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