National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)
R35 GM148412
United States
Citation
Journal: Nat Struct Mol Biol / Year: 2025 Title: Structural basis and functional roles for Toll-like receptor binding to Latrophilin in C. elegans development. Authors: Gabriel Carmona-Rosas / Jingxian Li / Jayson J Smith / Wioletta I Nawrocka / Shouqiang Cheng / Elana E Baltrusaitis / Minglei Zhao / Demet Araç / Paschalis Kratsios / Engin Özkan / Abstract: Latrophilins are conserved adhesion-type G-protein-coupled receptors associated with embryonic defects and lethality. However, their mechanistic roles and ligands in embryogenesis remain unknown. ...Latrophilins are conserved adhesion-type G-protein-coupled receptors associated with embryonic defects and lethality. However, their mechanistic roles and ligands in embryogenesis remain unknown. Here, we identified TOL-1, the sole Toll-like receptor in Caenorhabditis elegans, as a ligand for the C. elegans latrophilin, LAT-1. The extracellular lectin domain of LAT-1 directly binds to the second leucine-rich repeat domain of TOL-1. The crystal structure and cryo-electron microscopy density map of the LAT-1-TOL-1 extracellular region complex reveal a one-to-one lectin domain interaction with the convex face of a leucine-rich repeat domain. In C. elegans, endogenous mRNA and protein localization analyses showed mutually exclusive sites of expression, suggesting that in vivo LAT-1-TOL-1 interactions mostly occur in trans. Mutagenesis of key interface residues that disrupt the LAT-1-TOL-1 interaction led to partial lethality and malformed embryos. Thus, TOL-1 binding to LAT-1 represents a receptor-ligand axis essential for animal development.
A: TIR domain-containing protein B: TIR domain-containing protein C: TIR domain-containing protein D: TIR domain-containing protein E: Latrophilin-like protein 1 F: Latrophilin-like protein 1 G: Latrophilin-like protein 1 H: Latrophilin-like protein 1 hetero molecules