ジャーナル: Antiviral Res / 年: 2024 タイトル: Nanobodies to multiple spike variants and inhalation of nanobody-containing aerosols neutralize SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture and hamsters. 著者: Metin Aksu / Priya Kumar / Thomas Güttler / Waltraud Taxer / Kathrin Gregor / Bianka Mußil / Oleh Rymarenko / Kim M Stegmann / Antje Dickmanns / Sabrina Gerber / Wencke Reineking / Claudia ...著者: Metin Aksu / Priya Kumar / Thomas Güttler / Waltraud Taxer / Kathrin Gregor / Bianka Mußil / Oleh Rymarenko / Kim M Stegmann / Antje Dickmanns / Sabrina Gerber / Wencke Reineking / Claudia Schulz / Timo Henneck / Ahmed Mohamed / Gerhard Pohlmann / Mehmet Ramazanoglu / Kemal Mese / Uwe Groß / Tamar Ben-Yedidia / Oded Ovadia / Dalit Weinstein Fischer / Merav Kamensky / Amir Reichman / Wolfgang Baumgärtner / Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede / Matthias Dobbelstein / Dirk Görlich / 要旨: The ongoing threat of COVID-19 has highlighted the need for effective prophylaxis and convenient therapies, especially for outpatient settings. We have previously developed highly potent single- ...The ongoing threat of COVID-19 has highlighted the need for effective prophylaxis and convenient therapies, especially for outpatient settings. We have previously developed highly potent single-domain (VHH) antibodies, also known as nanobodies, that target the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and neutralize the Wuhan strain of the virus. In this study, we present a new generation of anti-RBD nanobodies with superior properties. The primary representative of this group, Re32D03, neutralizes Alpha to Delta as well as Omicron BA.2.75; other members neutralize, in addition, Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5, and XBB.1. Crystal structures of RBD-nanobody complexes reveal how ACE2-binding is blocked and also explain the nanobodies' tolerance to immune escape mutations. Through the cryo-EM structure of the Ma16B06-BA.1 Spike complex, we demonstrated how a single nanobody molecule can neutralize a trimeric spike. We also describe a method for large-scale production of these nanobodies in Pichia pastoris, and for formulating them into aerosols. Exposing hamsters to these aerosols, before or even 24 h after infection with SARS-CoV-2, significantly reduced virus load, weight loss and pathogenicity. These results show the potential of aerosolized nanobodies for prophylaxis and therapy of coronavirus infections.