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- PDB-12ja: Cryo-EM structure of human cannabinoid receptor 2-Gi complex with... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 12ja
TitleCryo-EM structure of human cannabinoid receptor 2-Gi complex with agonist '1029
Components
  • (Guanine nucleotide-binding protein ...) x 3
  • Cannabinoid receptor 2
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / Human cannabinoid receptor 2 / CNR2 / CB2 receptor / Gi1 / Agonist-bound state / AM12435-bound complex / Active-state GPCR / Class A rhodopsin-like receptor / Cryo-electron microscopy structure
Function / homology
Function and homology information


negative regulation of mast cell activation / trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission / cannabinoid receptor activity / negative regulation of action potential / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / negative regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic / extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger / regulation of eating behavior / response to amphetamine ...negative regulation of mast cell activation / trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission / cannabinoid receptor activity / negative regulation of action potential / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / negative regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic / extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger / regulation of eating behavior / response to amphetamine / adenylate cyclase inhibitor activity / T cell migration / positive regulation of protein localization to cell cortex / positive regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle / Adenylate cyclase inhibitory pathway / D2 dopamine receptor binding / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway / G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding / cellular response to forskolin / regulation of mitotic spindle organization / mast cell degranulation / chemokine-mediated signaling pathway / neuropeptide signaling pathway / Regulation of insulin secretion / response to prostaglandin E / positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process / G protein-coupled receptor binding / response to peptide hormone / G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G-protein activation / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / GDP binding / photoreceptor disc membrane / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / G alpha (z) signalling events / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / GPER1 signaling / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / G-protein beta-subunit binding / extracellular vesicle / response to lipopolysaccharide / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / ciliary basal body / GTPase binding / midbody / G protein activity / Ca2+ pathway / cell cortex / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / G alpha (i) signalling events / G alpha (s) signalling events / response to ethanol / G alpha (q) signalling events / Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement / perikaryon / Ras protein signal transduction / postsynaptic membrane / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / immune response / inflammatory response / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / cell division / lysosomal membrane / centrosome / GTPase activity / dendrite / synapse / GTP binding / protein-containing complex binding / magnesium ion binding / signal transduction
Similarity search - Function
Cannabinoid receptor type 2 / Cannabinoid receptor family / G-protein alpha subunit, group I / Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srsx / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G protein alpha subunit / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G-protein, gamma subunit ...Cannabinoid receptor type 2 / Cannabinoid receptor family / G-protein alpha subunit, group I / Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srsx / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G protein alpha subunit / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
: / Cannabinoid receptor 2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.9 Å
AuthorsSacco, M. / Wu, C. / Singal, B. / Skiniotis, G.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) United States
CitationJournal: J Med Chem / Year: 2026
Title: Library Docking for Cannabinoid-2 Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Moira M Rachman / Christos Iliopoulos-Tsoutsouvas / Michael D Sacco / Xinyu Xu / Cheng-Guo Wu / Emma Santos / Isabella S Glenn / Lu Paris / Michelle K Cahill / Suthakar Ganapathy / Tia A ...Authors: Moira M Rachman / Christos Iliopoulos-Tsoutsouvas / Michael D Sacco / Xinyu Xu / Cheng-Guo Wu / Emma Santos / Isabella S Glenn / Lu Paris / Michelle K Cahill / Suthakar Ganapathy / Tia A Tummino / Yurii S Moroz / Dmytro S Radchenko / Meri Okorie / Vivianne L Tawfik / John J Irwin / Alexandros Makriyannis / Georgios Skiniotis / Brian K Shoichet /
Abstract: Cannabinoid receptors are both therapeutically attractive and are interesting model systems for structure-based methods. Here we investigated topical questions in library docking using the CB2 ...Cannabinoid receptors are both therapeutically attractive and are interesting model systems for structure-based methods. Here we investigated topical questions in library docking using the CB2 receptor. While a CB1R docking campaign found potent but nonselective ligands, here subtype selective ligands were found by targeting polar residues. Hit rates and hit affinities improved with library size, but docking against active and inactive receptor states did not reliably bias toward agonists or antagonists. Cryo-EM structures of two of the new agonists superposed well on the docking predictions. Structure-based optimization led to 10- to 140-fold improvements within three series, consistent with well-behaved ligands. Hit rates with an explicit 2.6 billion molecule library resembled those of an implied 11 billion molecule library from a building-block method, supporting the latter's ability to explore this space, though higher affinities were discovered from the explicit set. Implications for future studies are considered.
History
DepositionApr 7, 2026Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Jul 15, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 15, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 15, 2026Data content type: FSC / Data content type: FSC / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 15, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 15, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 2 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 15, 2026Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 15, 2026Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Aug 5, 2026Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
Item: _citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first ..._citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first / _citation.page_last / _citation_author.identifier_ORCID / _em_admin.last_update
Revision 1.1Aug 5, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / Group: Database references / Experimental summary / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata ...EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata
Item: _citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first ..._citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first / _citation.page_last / _citation_author.identifier_ORCID / _em_admin.last_update

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
B: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
C: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
R: Cannabinoid receptor 2
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)128,7065
Polymers128,2524
Non-polymers4551
Water181
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

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Guanine nucleotide-binding protein ... , 3 types, 3 molecules ABC

#1: Protein Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 / Adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G alpha protein


Mass: 40414.047 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: GNAI1 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
References: UniProt: P63096, Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement
#2: Protein Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Transducin beta chain 1


Mass: 38534.062 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: GNB1 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: P62873
#3: Protein Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / G gamma-I


Mass: 7861.143 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: GNG2 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: P59768

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Protein , 1 types, 1 molecules R

#4: Protein Cannabinoid receptor 2 / CB-2 / CB2 / hCB2 / CX5


Mass: 41442.398 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: CNR2, CB2A, CB2B / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: P34972

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Non-polymers , 2 types, 2 molecules

#5: Chemical ChemComp-A1DB6 / methyl N-[4-ethyl-3-(morpholine-4-sulfonyl)benzoyl]-N-hexylglycinate


Mass: 454.580 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C22H34N2O6S / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#6: Water ChemComp-HOH / water


Mass: 18.015 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Formula: H2O

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Details

Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Complex of the human cannabinoid receptor 2 with heterotrimeric Gi1
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#4 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightExperimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
SpecimenConc.: 5 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277.15 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1600 nm / Nominal defocus min: 400 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k)

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
1cryoSPARCparticle selection
4cryoSPARCCTF correction
9PHENIX1.21.2_5419model refinement
13cryoSPARC3D reconstruction
CTF correctionDetails: CTF parameters estimated using Patch CTF in cryoSPARC. Phase and amplitude corrections applied during reconstruction and refinement.
Type: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 9528743
Details: After patch motion correction and patch CTF estimation
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.9 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 505644 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementHighest resolution: 2.9 Å
Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS)
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.0027208
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.4529760
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d4.745984
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0391123
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0031225

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