National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)
GM144965
米国
National Institutes of Health/National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NIH/NCCIH)
AT012075
米国
引用
ジャーナル: Nature / 年: 2025 タイトル: Structural snapshots capture nucleotide release at the μ-opioid receptor. 著者: Saif Khan / Aaliyah S Tyson / Mohsen Ranjbar / Zixin Zhang / Jaskaran Singh / Gye Won Han / Cornelius Gati / 要旨: As a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) activates heterotrimeric G proteins by opening the Gα α-helical domain (AHD) to enable GDP-GTP exchange, ...As a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) activates heterotrimeric G proteins by opening the Gα α-helical domain (AHD) to enable GDP-GTP exchange, with GDP release representing the rate-limiting step. Here, using pharmacological assays, we show that agonist efficacy correlates with decreased GDP affinity, promoting GTP exchange, whereas antagonists increase GDP affinity, dampening activation. Further investigating this phenomenon, we provide 8 unique structural models and 16 cryogenic electron microscopy maps of MOR with naloxone or loperamide, capturing several intermediate conformations along the activation pathway. These include four GDP-bound states with previously undescribed receptor-G protein interfaces, AHD arrangements and transitions in the nucleotide-binding pocket required for GDP release. Naloxone stalls MOR in a 'latent' state, whereas loperamide promotes an 'engaged' state, which is structurally poised for opening of the AHD domain and subsequent GDP release. These findings, supported by molecular dynamics simulations, identify GDP-bound intermediates and AHD conformations as key determinants of nucleotide exchange rates, providing structural and mechanistic insights into G protein activation and ligand efficacy with broad implications for G protein-coupled receptor pharmacology.