response to Gram-negative bacterium / negative regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane / negative regulation of bile acid secretion / positive regulation of interleukin-33 production / positive regulation of neutrophil activation / response to quercetin / negative regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis / positive regulation of fractalkine production / positive regulation of blood microparticle formation / positive regulation of protein transport ...response to Gram-negative bacterium / negative regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane / negative regulation of bile acid secretion / positive regulation of interleukin-33 production / positive regulation of neutrophil activation / response to quercetin / negative regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis / positive regulation of fractalkine production / positive regulation of blood microparticle formation / positive regulation of protein transport / positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process / chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus / regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process / endothelial cell apoptotic process / response to 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine / response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor / negative regulation of myelination / positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell / response to gold nanoparticle / negative regulation of vascular wound healing / positive regulation of podosome assembly / negative regulation of amyloid-beta clearance / Differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells to T helper 1 cells (Th1 cells) / negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response / response to resveratrol / positive regulation of hair follicle development / positive regulation of interleukin-18 production / inflammatory response to wounding / positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation / negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly / positive regulation of action potential / toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway / TNF signaling / embryonic digestive tract development / vascular endothelial growth factor production / negative regulation of D-glucose import across plasma membrane / positive regulation of fever generation / positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade / response to fructose / positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface / negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle / necroptotic signaling pathway / leukocyte tethering or rolling / bilirubin transport / positive regulation of synoviocyte proliferation / regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier / negative regulation of oxidative phosphorylation / positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration / macrophage activation involved in immune response / Ciprofloxacin ADME / tumor necrosis factor receptor binding / response to hydrogen sulfide / positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly / positive regulation of glial cell proliferation / exogenous protein binding / cellular response to calcium ion starvation / positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation / positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation / regulation of fat cell differentiation / cellular response to toxic substance / positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production / enterobactin binding / positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion / Heme biosynthesis / positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis / negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure / HDL remodeling / response to L-glutamate / positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway / positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell / regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction / negative regulation of mitochondrial depolarization / TNFR1-induced proapoptotic signaling / negative regulation of fat cell differentiation / regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process / positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response / Prednisone ADME / Heme degradation / positive regulation of programmed cell death / TNFR1-mediated ceramide production / negative regulation of viral genome replication / negative regulation of heart rate / positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation / positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process / positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response / extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors / heme catabolic process / molecular carrier activity / positive regulation of immunoglobulin production / negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation / antioxidant activity / negative regulation of interleukin-6 production / Aspirin ADME / heme biosynthetic process / Interleukin-10 signaling / regulation of synapse organization / regulation of insulin secretion / negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway / histone H3K9ac reader activity / negative regulation of blood 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Journal: Biochem Biophys Res Commun / Year: 2026 Title: Cryo-EM elucidates the interaction mechanism of ozoralizumab, a humanized anti-TNFα NANOBODY® compound. Authors: Masashi Mima / Kyohei Sato / Takeshi Yokoyama / Chiemi Mishima-Tsumagari / Tatsuya Ohnuki / Yoshikazu Tanaka / Kunihiko Iwamoto / Abstract: Ozoralizumab (OZR) is a next-generation TNF inhibitor composed of two identical humanized anti-TNFα NANOBODY® molecules (TNF30s) recombinantly linked via one humanized anti-human serum albumin (HSA) ...Ozoralizumab (OZR) is a next-generation TNF inhibitor composed of two identical humanized anti-TNFα NANOBODY® molecules (TNF30s) recombinantly linked via one humanized anti-human serum albumin (HSA) NANOBODY® molecule (ALB8) and two peptide linkers. OZR is designed as a unique format to exert potent inhibitory effects against TNFα with long plasma half-life. However, the three-dimensional structure of OZR-TNFα-HSA complex has not yet been elucidated, and a complete understanding of its interaction mechanism with TNFα is yet to be gained. In this study, we successfully observed the formation of the OZR-TNFα-HSA ternary complex by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. The single-particle analysis revealed that the two TNF30 molecules of OZR simultaneously bind bivalently to TNFα in a 1:1-bivalent binding mode, while the ALB8 molecule binds to HSA, forming a ternary complex. Thus, OZR exhibits a binding mode significantly different from that of other IgG-type TNFα inhibitors. Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis demonstrated that the 1:1-bivalent binding mode confers an exceptionally slow dissociation rate, thereby contributing to the potent TNFα-neutralizing activity of OZR. These findings not only lend support to the favorable clinical efficacy of OZR from a structural standpoint but also lay the foundation for the rational design and development of next-generation TNFα inhibitors with enhanced and sustained efficacy.
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