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- EMDB-63857: cryo-EM structure of pig GnRHR bound with mammal GnRH -

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Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-63857
Titlecryo-EM structure of pig GnRHR bound with mammal GnRH
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: cryo-EM structure of pig GnRHR bound with mammal GnRH
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Gonadoliberin-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: Beta-2 adrenergic receptor,Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
    • Protein or peptide: scFv16
KeywordsCryo-EM / gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor / GnRHR / MEMBRANE PROTEIN
Function / homology
Function and homology information


gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity / negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation / neurosecretory vesicle / regulation of ovarian follicle development / regulation of signaling / response to prolactin / Hormone ligand-binding receptors / G alpha (q) signalling events / gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone activity / gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding ...gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity / negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation / neurosecretory vesicle / regulation of ovarian follicle development / regulation of signaling / response to prolactin / Hormone ligand-binding receptors / G alpha (q) signalling events / gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone activity / gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding / Hormone ligand-binding receptors / negative regulation of neuron migration / response to potassium ion / male sex determination / response to steroid hormone / cytoplasmic side of rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane / Golgi-associated vesicle / response to testosterone / estrous cycle / cellular response to hormone stimulus / response to prostaglandin E / axon terminus / female pregnancy / hormone activity / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G-protein activation / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / photoreceptor disc membrane / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / G alpha (z) signalling events / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / GPER1 signaling / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / G-protein beta-subunit binding / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / cell-cell signaling / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / sensory perception of taste / extracellular vesicle / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / retina development in camera-type eye / regulation of gene expression / GTPase binding / Ca2+ pathway / fibroblast proliferation / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / response to ethanol / perikaryon / G alpha (i) signalling events / response to lipopolysaccharide / G alpha (s) signalling events / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G alpha (q) signalling events / Ras protein signal transduction / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / cell population proliferation / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / lysosomal membrane / GTPase activity / dendrite / synapse / negative regulation of apoptotic process / protein-containing complex binding / signal transduction / extracellular space / extracellular exosome / extracellular region / membrane / plasma membrane / cytoplasm / cytosol
Similarity search - Function
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor family / Gonadoliberin I precursor / Gonadotropin-releasing hormone / Gonadoliberin / Gonadotropin-releasing hormone / Gonadotropin-releasing hormones signature. / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily ...Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor family / Gonadoliberin I precursor / Gonadotropin-releasing hormone / Gonadoliberin / Gonadotropin-releasing hormone / Gonadotropin-releasing hormones signature. / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Progonadoliberin-1 / Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesSus scrofa (pig) / Homo sapiens (human)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.18 Å
AuthorsShen S / Xu HE
Funding support China, 1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) China
CitationJournal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A / Year: 2025
Title: Cryo-EM structures of GnRHR: Foundations for next-generation therapeutics.
Authors: Shiyi Shen / Xinheng He / Heng Liu / Wen Hu / H Eric Xu / Jia Duan /
Abstract: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) is critical for reproductive health and a key therapeutic target for endocrine disorders and hormone-responsive cancers. Using high-resolution ...Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) is critical for reproductive health and a key therapeutic target for endocrine disorders and hormone-responsive cancers. Using high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy, we determined the structures of and GnRHRs bound to mammal GnRH, uncovering conserved and species-specific mechanisms of receptor activation and G protein coupling. The conserved "U"-shaped GnRH conformation mediates high-affinity binding through key interactions with residues such as K, Y, and Y. Species-specific variations in extracellular loops and receptor-ligand contacts fine-tune receptor function, while ligand binding induces structural rearrangements, including N terminus displacement and TM6 rotation, critical for signaling. Structure-activity relationship analysis demonstrates how D-amino acid substitutions in GnRH analogs enhance stability and receptor affinity. Distinct binding modes of agonists and antagonists elucidate mechanisms of ligand-dependent activation and inactivation. These insights lay the groundwork for designing next-generation GnRHR therapeutics with enhanced specificity and efficacy for conditions like endometriosis, prostate cancer, and infertility.
History
DepositionMar 20, 2025-
Header (metadata) releaseJun 11, 2025-
Map releaseJun 11, 2025-
UpdateJul 2, 2025-
Current statusJul 2, 2025Processing site: PDBc / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_63857.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_63857.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 103 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
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Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
0.73 Å/pix.
x 300 pix.
= 219. Å		0.73 Å/pix.
x 300 pix.
= 219. Å		0.73 Å/pix.
x 300 pix.
= 219. Å

Surface

Projections

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Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 0.73 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.11
Minimum - Maximum-1.3339099 - 2.1049767
Average (Standard dev.)0.0026157207 (±0.04968209)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions300300300
Spacing300300300
CellA=B=C: 219.0 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_63857_half_map_1.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

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Density Histograms

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Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: #1

Fileemd_63857_half_map_2.map
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Sample components

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Entire : cryo-EM structure of pig GnRHR bound with mammal GnRH

EntireName: cryo-EM structure of pig GnRHR bound with mammal GnRH
Components
  • Complex: cryo-EM structure of pig GnRHR bound with mammal GnRH
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Gonadoliberin-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: Beta-2 adrenergic receptor,Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
    • Protein or peptide: scFv16

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Supramolecule #1: cryo-EM structure of pig GnRHR bound with mammal GnRH

SupramoleculeName: cryo-EM structure of pig GnRHR bound with mammal GnRH / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all
Source (natural)Organism: Sus scrofa (pig)

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Macromolecule #1: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 28.084832 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MGSTVSAEDK AAAERSKMID KNLREDGEKA RRTLRLLLLG ADNSGKSTIV KQMRILHGGS GGSGGTSGIF ETKFQVDKVN FHMFDVGGQ RDERRKWIQC FNDVTAIIFV VDSSDYNRLQ EALNDFKSIW NNRWLRTISV ILFLNKQDLL AEKVLAGKSK I EDYFPEFA ...String:
MGSTVSAEDK AAAERSKMID KNLREDGEKA RRTLRLLLLG ADNSGKSTIV KQMRILHGGS GGSGGTSGIF ETKFQVDKVN FHMFDVGGQ RDERRKWIQC FNDVTAIIFV VDSSDYNRLQ EALNDFKSIW NNRWLRTISV ILFLNKQDLL AEKVLAGKSK I EDYFPEFA RYTTPEDATP EPGEDPRVTR AKYFIRKEFV DISTASGDGR HICYPHFTCA VDTENARRIF NDCKDIILQM NL REYNLV

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Macromolecule #2: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 37.784301 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: GSLLQSELDQ LRQEAEQLKN QIRDARKACA DATLSQITNN IDPVGRIQMR TRRTLRGHLA KIYAMHWGTD SRLLVSASQD GKLIIWDSY TTNKVHAIPL RSSWVMTCAY APSGNYVACG GLDNICSIYN LKTREGNVRV SRELAGHTGY LSCCRFLDDN Q IVTSSGDT ...String:
GSLLQSELDQ LRQEAEQLKN QIRDARKACA DATLSQITNN IDPVGRIQMR TRRTLRGHLA KIYAMHWGTD SRLLVSASQD GKLIIWDSY TTNKVHAIPL RSSWVMTCAY APSGNYVACG GLDNICSIYN LKTREGNVRV SRELAGHTGY LSCCRFLDDN Q IVTSSGDT TCALWDIETG QQTTTFTGHT GDVMSLSLAP DTRLFVSGAC DASAKLWDVR EGMCRQTFTG HESDINAICF FP NGNAFAT GSDDATCRLF DLRADQELMT YSHDNIICGI TSVSFSKSGR LLLAGYDDFN CNVWDALKAD RAGVLAGHDN RVS CLGVTD DGMAVATGSW DSFLKIWN

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

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Macromolecule #3: Gonadoliberin-1

MacromoleculeName: Gonadoliberin-1 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 1.1833 KDa
SequenceString:
(PCA)HWSYGLRPG (NH2)

UniProtKB: Progonadoliberin-1

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Macromolecule #4: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 7.861143 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString:
MASNNTASIA QARKLVEQLK MEANIDRIKV SKAAADLMAY CEAHAKEDPL LTPVPASENP FREKKFFCAI L

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

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Macromolecule #5: Beta-2 adrenergic receptor,Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor

MacromoleculeName: Beta-2 adrenergic receptor,Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Sus scrofa (pig)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 47.241773 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MDSKGSSQKG SRLLLLLVVS NLLLCQGVVS DYKDDDDVHH HHHHHHDMGQ PGNGSAFLLA PNGSHAPDHD VTQQRDEENL YFQGASMAN SASPEQNQNH CSAINSSILL TQGNLPTLTL SGKIRVTVTF FLFLLSTAFN ASFLLKLQKW TQRKEKGKKL S RMKVLLKH ...String:
MDSKGSSQKG SRLLLLLVVS NLLLCQGVVS DYKDDDDVHH HHHHHHDMGQ PGNGSAFLLA PNGSHAPDHD VTQQRDEENL YFQGASMAN SASPEQNQNH CSAINSSILL TQGNLPTLTL SGKIRVTVTF FLFLLSTAFN ASFLLKLQKW TQRKEKGKKL S RMKVLLKH LTLANLLETL IVMPLDGMWN ITVQWYAGEF LCKVLSYLKL FSMYAPAFMM VVISLDRSLA ITRPLAVKSN SR LGRFMIG LAWLLSSIFA GPQLYIFRMI HLADSSGQTE GFSQCVTHGS FPQWWHQAFY NFFTFSCLFI IPLLIMLICN AKI MFTLTR VLQQDPHNLQ LNQSKNNIPR ARLRTLKMTV AFAASFIVCW TPYYVLGIWY WFDPEMVNRV SDPVNHFFFL FAFL NPCFD PLIYGYFSL

UniProtKB: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor

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Macromolecule #6: scFv16

MacromoleculeName: scFv16 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 30.363043 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MLLVNQSHQG FNKEHTSKMV SAIVLYVLLA AAAHSAFAVQ LVESGGGLVQ PGGSRKLSCS ASGFAFSSFG MHWVRQAPEK GLEWVAYIS SGSGTIYYAD TVKGRFTISR DDPKNTLFLQ MTSLRSEDTA MYYCVRSIYY YGSSPFDFWG QGTTLTVSAG G GGSGGGGS ...String:
MLLVNQSHQG FNKEHTSKMV SAIVLYVLLA AAAHSAFAVQ LVESGGGLVQ PGGSRKLSCS ASGFAFSSFG MHWVRQAPEK GLEWVAYIS SGSGTIYYAD TVKGRFTISR DDPKNTLFLQ MTSLRSEDTA MYYCVRSIYY YGSSPFDFWG QGTTLTVSAG G GGSGGGGS GGGGSADIVM TQATSSVPVT PGESVSISCR SSKSLLHSNG NTYLYWFLQR PGQSPQLLIY RMSNLASGVP DR FSGSGSG TAFTLTISRL EAEDVGVYYC MQHLEYPLTF GAGTKLEL

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 7.4
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeTFS KRIOS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 50.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: DARK FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2.0 µm / Nominal defocus min: 1.0 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

CTF correctionType: NONE
Startup modelType of model: NONE
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.18 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 118050
Initial angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD

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