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- EMDB-63858: cryo-EM structure of Xenopus laevis GnRHR bound with mammal GnRH -

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Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-63858
Titlecryo-EM structure of Xenopus laevis GnRHR bound with mammal GnRH
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: cryo-EM structure of Xenopus laevis GnRHR bound with mammal GnRH
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: Gonadoliberin-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-1
    • Protein or peptide: scFv16
    • Protein or peptide: Beta-2 adrenergic receptor,Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
KeywordsCryo-EM / GnRHR / Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor / MEMBRANE PROTEIN
Function / homology
Function and homology information


regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion / regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion / gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone activity / gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding / protein-hormone receptor activity / positive regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential / beta2-adrenergic receptor activity / negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction / AMPA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway / positive regulation of autophagosome maturation ...regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion / regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion / gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone activity / gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding / protein-hormone receptor activity / positive regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential / beta2-adrenergic receptor activity / negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction / AMPA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway / positive regulation of autophagosome maturation / norepinephrine-epinephrine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure / norepinephrine binding / heat generation / Adrenoceptors / positive regulation of lipophagy / negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / negative regulation of multicellular organism growth / adrenergic receptor signaling pathway / endosome to lysosome transport / response to psychosocial stress / diet induced thermogenesis / neuronal dense core vesicle / positive regulation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction / adenylate cyclase binding / smooth muscle contraction / bone resorption / positive regulation of bone mineralization / potassium channel regulator activity / brown fat cell differentiation / cellular response to hormone stimulus / intercellular bridge / regulation of sodium ion transport / adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway / peptide binding / receptor-mediated endocytosis / response to cold / clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane / G protein-coupled receptor activity / adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / G-protein activation / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / cellular response to amyloid-beta / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / photoreceptor disc membrane / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / mitotic spindle / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / Cargo recognition for clathrin-mediated endocytosis / G alpha (z) signalling events / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / Clathrin-mediated endocytosis / GPER1 signaling / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / G-protein beta-subunit binding / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / sensory perception of taste / extracellular vesicle / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / amyloid-beta binding / positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis / retina development in camera-type eye / microtubule cytoskeleton / GTPase binding / Ca2+ pathway / fibroblast proliferation / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / G alpha (i) signalling events / G alpha (s) signalling events / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G alpha (q) signalling events / Ras protein signal transduction / transcription by RNA polymerase II / early endosome / lysosome / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / cell surface receptor signaling pathway / cell population proliferation
Similarity search - Function
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor family / Gonadoliberin I precursor / Gonadotropin-releasing hormone / Gonadoliberin / Gonadotropin-releasing hormone / Gonadotropin-releasing hormones signature. / Beta 2 adrenoceptor / Adrenoceptor family / Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srsx / G-protein, gamma subunit ...Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor family / Gonadoliberin I precursor / Gonadotropin-releasing hormone / Gonadoliberin / Gonadotropin-releasing hormone / Gonadotropin-releasing hormones signature. / Beta 2 adrenoceptor / Adrenoceptor family / Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srsx / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Progonadoliberin-1 / Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesXenopus laevis (African clawed frog) / Homo sapiens (human) / synthetic construct (others)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.67 Å
AuthorsShen S / Xu HE
Funding support China, 1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) China
CitationJournal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A / Year: 2025
Title: Cryo-EM structures of GnRHR: Foundations for next-generation therapeutics.
Authors: Shiyi Shen / Xinheng He / Heng Liu / Wen Hu / H Eric Xu / Jia Duan /
Abstract: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) is critical for reproductive health and a key therapeutic target for endocrine disorders and hormone-responsive cancers. Using high-resolution ...Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) is critical for reproductive health and a key therapeutic target for endocrine disorders and hormone-responsive cancers. Using high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy, we determined the structures of and GnRHRs bound to mammal GnRH, uncovering conserved and species-specific mechanisms of receptor activation and G protein coupling. The conserved "U"-shaped GnRH conformation mediates high-affinity binding through key interactions with residues such as K, Y, and Y. Species-specific variations in extracellular loops and receptor-ligand contacts fine-tune receptor function, while ligand binding induces structural rearrangements, including N terminus displacement and TM6 rotation, critical for signaling. Structure-activity relationship analysis demonstrates how D-amino acid substitutions in GnRH analogs enhance stability and receptor affinity. Distinct binding modes of agonists and antagonists elucidate mechanisms of ligand-dependent activation and inactivation. These insights lay the groundwork for designing next-generation GnRHR therapeutics with enhanced specificity and efficacy for conditions like endometriosis, prostate cancer, and infertility.
History
DepositionMar 20, 2025-
Header (metadata) releaseJun 11, 2025-
Map releaseJun 11, 2025-
UpdateJul 2, 2025-
Current statusJul 2, 2025Processing site: PDBc / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_63858.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_63858.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 103 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
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AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
0.73 Å/pix.
x 300 pix.
= 219. Å		0.73 Å/pix.
x 300 pix.
= 219. Å		0.73 Å/pix.
x 300 pix.
= 219. Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

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Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 0.73 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.203
Minimum - Maximum-1.8596596 - 3.2966943
Average (Standard dev.)-0.00034832786 (±0.07463127)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions300300300
Spacing300300300
CellA=B=C: 219.0 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_63858_half_map_1.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

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Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: #1

Fileemd_63858_half_map_2.map
Projections & Slices
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Sample components

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Entire : cryo-EM structure of Xenopus laevis GnRHR bound with mammal GnRH

EntireName: cryo-EM structure of Xenopus laevis GnRHR bound with mammal GnRH
Components
  • Complex: cryo-EM structure of Xenopus laevis GnRHR bound with mammal GnRH
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: Gonadoliberin-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-1
    • Protein or peptide: scFv16
    • Protein or peptide: Beta-2 adrenergic receptor,Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor

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Supramolecule #1: cryo-EM structure of Xenopus laevis GnRHR bound with mammal GnRH

SupramoleculeName: cryo-EM structure of Xenopus laevis GnRHR bound with mammal GnRH
type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all
Source (natural)Organism: Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)

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Macromolecule #1: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 37.784301 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: GSLLQSELDQ LRQEAEQLKN QIRDARKACA DATLSQITNN IDPVGRIQMR TRRTLRGHLA KIYAMHWGTD SRLLVSASQD GKLIIWDSY TTNKVHAIPL RSSWVMTCAY APSGNYVACG GLDNICSIYN LKTREGNVRV SRELAGHTGY LSCCRFLDDN Q IVTSSGDT ...String:
GSLLQSELDQ LRQEAEQLKN QIRDARKACA DATLSQITNN IDPVGRIQMR TRRTLRGHLA KIYAMHWGTD SRLLVSASQD GKLIIWDSY TTNKVHAIPL RSSWVMTCAY APSGNYVACG GLDNICSIYN LKTREGNVRV SRELAGHTGY LSCCRFLDDN Q IVTSSGDT TCALWDIETG QQTTTFTGHT GDVMSLSLAP DTRLFVSGAC DASAKLWDVR EGMCRQTFTG HESDINAICF FP NGNAFAT GSDDATCRLF DLRADQELMT YSHDNIICGI TSVSFSKSGR LLLAGYDDFN CNVWDALKAD RAGVLAGHDN RVS CLGVTD DGMAVATGSW DSFLKIWN

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

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Macromolecule #2: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 7.861143 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString:
MASNNTASIA QARKLVEQLK MEANIDRIKV SKAAADLMAY CEAHAKEDPL LTPVPASENP FREKKFFCAI L

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

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Macromolecule #3: Gonadoliberin-1

MacromoleculeName: Gonadoliberin-1 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: synthetic construct (others)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 1.1833 KDa
SequenceString:
(PCA)HWSYGLRPG (NH2)

UniProtKB: Progonadoliberin-1

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Macromolecule #4: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 28.084832 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MGSTVSAEDK AAAERSKMID KNLREDGEKA RRTLRLLLLG ADNSGKSTIV KQMRILHGGS GGSGGTSGIF ETKFQVDKVN FHMFDVGGQ RDERRKWIQC FNDVTAIIFV VDSSDYNRLQ EALNDFKSIW NNRWLRTISV ILFLNKQDLL AEKVLAGKSK I EDYFPEFA ...String:
MGSTVSAEDK AAAERSKMID KNLREDGEKA RRTLRLLLLG ADNSGKSTIV KQMRILHGGS GGSGGTSGIF ETKFQVDKVN FHMFDVGGQ RDERRKWIQC FNDVTAIIFV VDSSDYNRLQ EALNDFKSIW NNRWLRTISV ILFLNKQDLL AEKVLAGKSK I EDYFPEFA RYTTPEDATP EPGEDPRVTR AKYFIRKEFV DISTASGDGR HICYPHFTCA VDTENARRIF NDCKDIILQM NL REYNLV

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Macromolecule #5: scFv16

MacromoleculeName: scFv16 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 30.363043 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MLLVNQSHQG FNKEHTSKMV SAIVLYVLLA AAAHSAFAVQ LVESGGGLVQ PGGSRKLSCS ASGFAFSSFG MHWVRQAPEK GLEWVAYIS SGSGTIYYAD TVKGRFTISR DDPKNTLFLQ MTSLRSEDTA MYYCVRSIYY YGSSPFDFWG QGTTLTVSAG G GGSGGGGS ...String:
MLLVNQSHQG FNKEHTSKMV SAIVLYVLLA AAAHSAFAVQ LVESGGGLVQ PGGSRKLSCS ASGFAFSSFG MHWVRQAPEK GLEWVAYIS SGSGTIYYAD TVKGRFTISR DDPKNTLFLQ MTSLRSEDTA MYYCVRSIYY YGSSPFDFWG QGTTLTVSAG G GGSGGGGS GGGGSADIVM TQATSSVPVT PGESVSISCR SSKSLLHSNG NTYLYWFLQR PGQSPQLLIY RMSNLASGVP DR FSGSGSG TAFTLTISRL EAEDVGVYYC MQHLEYPLTF GAGTKLEL

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Macromolecule #6: Beta-2 adrenergic receptor,Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor

MacromoleculeName: Beta-2 adrenergic receptor,Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 56.891434 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MDSKGSSQKG SRLLLLLVVS NLLLCQGVVS DYKDDDDVHH HHHHHHDMGQ PGNGSAFLLA PNGSHAPDHD VTQQRDEENL YFQGASMLT MSYQGIMDSQ DLCALNRSCF HLKEQEKTYG PNITVLNDKA FILPTFSTAA KIRVAITCVL FIFSACFNIA A LWTITYKY ...String:
MDSKGSSQKG SRLLLLLVVS NLLLCQGVVS DYKDDDDVHH HHHHHHDMGQ PGNGSAFLLA PNGSHAPDHD VTQQRDEENL YFQGASMLT MSYQGIMDSQ DLCALNRSCF HLKEQEKTYG PNITVLNDKA FILPTFSTAA KIRVAITCVL FIFSACFNIA A LWTITYKY KKKSHIRILI INLVAADLFI TLVVMPLDAV WNVTLQWYAG DLACRVLMFL KLAAMYSSAF VTVVISLDRQ AA ILNPLGI GDAKKKNKIM LCVAWFLSYL LAIPQLFVFH TVSRSEPIHF VQCATVGSFQ AHWQETIYNM FTFFCLFLLP LLI MVSCYT RILMEISHKM KATCVSSKEI DLRRSSNNIP RARMRTLKMS LVIVLTFIVC WTPYYLLGIW YWFSPEMLTE EKVP PSLSH ILFLFGLLNT CLDPIIYGLF TIHFRREIRR VCRCAAQGKD HDTASVGTGS FRITTTPAPI KRTVGVLGGS GKFEL EVTG HGLHSGKCDQ CQGRIVESFM

UniProtKB: Beta-2 adrenergic receptor, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 7.4
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeTFS KRIOS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 50.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: DARK FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2.0 µm / Nominal defocus min: 1.0 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

CTF correctionType: NONE
Startup modelType of model: NONE
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 2.67 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 255764
Initial angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD

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