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- EMDB-62768: cryo-EM structure of Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase comple... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-62768
Titlecryo-EM structure of Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase complexed with Matrix Gla protein
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase complexed with Matrix Gla protein
    • Protein or peptide: Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase
    • Protein or peptide: Matrix Gla protein
  • Ligand: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose
  • Ligand: vitamin K1 hydroquinone
  • Ligand: CHOLESTEROL
  • Ligand: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
  • Ligand: CHOLESTEROL HEMISUCCINATE
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN
Function / homology
Function and homology information


structural constituent of bone / peptidyl-glutamate 4-carboxylase / gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity / negative regulation of testosterone biosynthetic process / negative regulation of bone development / Defective gamma-carboxylation of F9 / vitamin binding / vitamin K metabolic process / negative regulation of neurotransmitter secretion / regulation of bone mineralization ...structural constituent of bone / peptidyl-glutamate 4-carboxylase / gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity / negative regulation of testosterone biosynthetic process / negative regulation of bone development / Defective gamma-carboxylation of F9 / vitamin binding / vitamin K metabolic process / negative regulation of neurotransmitter secretion / regulation of bone mineralization / type B pancreatic cell proliferation / cartilage condensation / extracellular matrix structural constituent / Gamma-carboxylation of protein precursors / ossification / protein modification process / protein maturation / cellular response to insulin stimulus / blood coagulation / glucose homeostasis / extracellular matrix / cell differentiation / endoplasmic reticulum lumen / calcium ion binding / endoplasmic reticulum membrane / extracellular exosome / membrane
Similarity search - Function
Matrix Gla protein / Osteocalcin/matrix Gla protein / : / Osteocalcin, C-terminal domain / Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase / HTTM / : / : / HTTM domain / Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase, lumenal domain ...Matrix Gla protein / Osteocalcin/matrix Gla protein / : / Osteocalcin, C-terminal domain / Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase / HTTM / : / : / HTTM domain / Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase, lumenal domain / Horizontally Transferred TransMembrane Domain / RmlC-like cupin domain superfamily / Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich (GLA) domain / Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich (GLA) domain superfamily / Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation domain. / Gla domain profile. / Domain containing Gla (gamma-carboxyglutamate) residues. / RmlC-like jelly roll fold
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Matrix Gla protein / Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.1 Å
AuthorsYao D / Wu K / Lan P
Funding support China, 1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) China
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2025
Title: Structural insight into bicarbonate-mediated carboxylation by human vitamin K-dependent carboxylase.
Authors: Ke Wu / Zheng Wang / Deqiang Yao / Shaobai Li / Xiaozhu Wang / Yuanyuan Zhang / Mi Cao / Yafeng Shen / Shunpeng Xing / Jian Wu / Ming Lei / Pengfei Lan /
Abstract: Vitamin K-dependent (VKD) carboxylation, mediated by γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX), is essential for the maturation of VKD proteins involved in critical physiological processes such as blood ...Vitamin K-dependent (VKD) carboxylation, mediated by γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX), is essential for the maturation of VKD proteins involved in critical physiological processes such as blood clotting, vascular calcification and bone metabolism. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopic structures of human GGCX alone and in complex with VKD proteins, vitamin K, and inhibitor anisindione. GGCX specifically recognizes diverse VKD substrates through high-affinity propeptide binding, while substrates like osteocalcin utilize a secondary exosite to enhance interaction. GGCX employs a conserved dipeptide anchoring mechanism that ensures processive carboxylation of glutamate residues. GGCX undergoes allosteric conformational changes that enable coordinated binding of vitamin K and glutamate substrates, facilitating the catalytic process. Additionally, we reveal a bicarbonate-mediated CO₂ capture mechanism that is conserved across bacterial and eukaryotic species, suggesting that this strategy for CO₂ utilization is both ancient and universal. Our findings lay the foundation for developing targeted anticoagulant drugs and innovative enzymatic CO₂ fixation strategies.
History
DepositionDec 16, 2024-
Header (metadata) releaseOct 22, 2025-
Map releaseOct 22, 2025-
UpdateMay 6, 2026-
Current statusMay 6, 2026Processing site: PDBc / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_62768.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_62768.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 64 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
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Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
1.1 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 281.6 Å		1.1 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 281.6 Å		1.1 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 281.6 Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

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Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.1 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.3
Minimum - Maximum-2.3775964 - 3.5181627
Average (Standard dev.)-0.00092553796 (±0.050001718)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions256256256
Spacing256256256
CellA=B=C: 281.6 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_62768_half_map_1.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

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Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: #1

Fileemd_62768_half_map_2.map
Projections & Slices
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Histogram (log scale)

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Sample components

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Entire : Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase complexed with Matrix Gla p...

EntireName: Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase complexed with Matrix Gla protein
Components
  • Complex: Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase complexed with Matrix Gla protein
    • Protein or peptide: Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase
    • Protein or peptide: Matrix Gla protein
  • Ligand: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose
  • Ligand: vitamin K1 hydroquinone
  • Ligand: CHOLESTEROL
  • Ligand: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
  • Ligand: CHOLESTEROL HEMISUCCINATE

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Supramolecule #1: Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase complexed with Matrix Gla p...

SupramoleculeName: Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase complexed with Matrix Gla protein
type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#2
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Macromolecule #1: Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase

MacromoleculeName: Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO / EC number: peptidyl-glutamate 4-carboxylase
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 81.404992 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: SRIGKLLGFE WTDLSSWRRL VTLLNRPTDP ASLAVFRFLF GFLMVLDIPQ ERGLSSLDRK YLDGLDVCRF PLLDALRPLP LDWMYLVYT IMFLGALGMM LGLCYRISCV LFLLPYWYVF LLDKTSWNNH SYLYGLLAFQ LTFMDANHYW SVDGLLNAHR R NAHVPLWN ...String:
SRIGKLLGFE WTDLSSWRRL VTLLNRPTDP ASLAVFRFLF GFLMVLDIPQ ERGLSSLDRK YLDGLDVCRF PLLDALRPLP LDWMYLVYT IMFLGALGMM LGLCYRISCV LFLLPYWYVF LLDKTSWNNH SYLYGLLAFQ LTFMDANHYW SVDGLLNAHR R NAHVPLWN YAVLRGQIFI VYFIAGVKKL DADWVEGYSM EYLSRHWLFS PFKLLLSEEL TSLLVVHWGG LLLDLSAGFL LF FDVSRSI GLFFVSYFHC MNSQLFSIGM FSYVMLASSP LFCSPEWPRK LVSYCPRRLQ QLLPLKAAPQ PSVSCVYKRS RGK SGQKPG LRHQLGAAFT LLYLLEQLFL PYSHFLTQGY NNWTNGLYGY SWDMMVHSRS HQHVKITYRD GRTGELGYLN PGVF TQSRR WKDHADMLKQ YATCLSRLLP KYNVTEPQIY FDIWVSINDR FQQRIFDPRV DIVQAAWSPF QRTSWVQPLL MDLSP WRAK LQEIKSSLDN HTEVVFIADF PGLHLENFVS EDLGNTSIQL LQGEVTVELV AEQKNQTLRE GEKMQLPAGE YHKVYT TSP SPSCYMYVYV NTTELALEQD LAYLQELKEK VENGSETGPL PPELQPLLEG EVKGGPEPTP LVQTFLRRQQ RLQEIER RR NTPFHERFFR FLLRKLYVFR RSFLMTCISL RNLILGRPSL EQLAQEVTYA NLRPFE

UniProtKB: Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase

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Macromolecule #2: Matrix Gla protein

MacromoleculeName: Matrix Gla protein / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 3.617156 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString:
LNPFINRRNA NTFISPQQRW RAKVQERIR

UniProtKB: Matrix Gla protein

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Macromolecule #4: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose

MacromoleculeName: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose / type: ligand / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: NAG
Molecular weightTheoretical: 221.208 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-NAG:
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose

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Macromolecule #5: vitamin K1 hydroquinone

MacromoleculeName: vitamin K1 hydroquinone / type: ligand / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: A1AVC
Molecular weightTheoretical: 452.712 Da

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Macromolecule #6: CHOLESTEROL

MacromoleculeName: CHOLESTEROL / type: ligand / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: CLR
Molecular weightTheoretical: 386.654 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-CLR:
CHOLESTEROL

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Macromolecule #7: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

MacromoleculeName: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine / type: ligand / ID: 7 / Number of copies: 3 / Formula: PEE
Molecular weightTheoretical: 744.034 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-PEE:
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine / DOPE, phospholipid*YM

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Macromolecule #8: CHOLESTEROL HEMISUCCINATE

MacromoleculeName: CHOLESTEROL HEMISUCCINATE / type: ligand / ID: 8 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: Y01
Molecular weightTheoretical: 486.726 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-Y01:
CHOLESTEROL HEMISUCCINATE

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 7.5
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI/PHILIPS CM300FEG/T
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 50.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1.7 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.9 µm

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Image processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Startup modelType of model: NONE
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.1 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 207500
Initial angle assignmentType: RANDOM ASSIGNMENT
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
FSC plot (resolution estimation)

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