National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)
12125401
China
National Institutes of Health/National Institute Of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID)
Al124982
United States
Citation
Journal: Commun Biol / Year: 2025 Title: The membrane-proximal external region of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein trimers in A18-lipid nanodiscs. Authors: Yi Qi / Shijian Zhang / Kunyu Wang / Haitao Ding / Zhiqing Zhang / Saumya Anang / Hanh T Nguyen / John C Kappes / Joseph Sodroski / Youdong Mao / Abstract: During human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) entry, the metastable pretriggered envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer ((gp120/gp41)) opens asymmetrically. We present cryo-EM structures of cleaved ...During human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) entry, the metastable pretriggered envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer ((gp120/gp41)) opens asymmetrically. We present cryo-EM structures of cleaved asymmetric Env trimers in amphipol-lipid nanodiscs. The gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER) could be traced in Env protomers that remained close to the nanodisc despite Env tilting. The MPER interacts with the gp120 C-termini and gp41 α9 helices at the base of the Env trimer. MPER conformation is coupled with the tilt angles of the α9 helices, the helicity of the gp41 heptad repeat (HR1) regions, and the opening angles between the protomers of the asymmetric trimers. Our structural models explain the stabilizing effects of MPER integrity and Env proteolytic maturation on the pretriggered Env conformation. Superimposed on the asymmetry of the Env protomers, variation in the glycans at the trimer apex creates substantial structural heterogeneity in the V2 quaternary epitopes of difficult-to-elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies.
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