NELF complex / NTRK3 as a dependence receptor / negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation / negative regulation of chromosome condensation / DSIF complex / Barr body / regulation of centromere complex assembly / regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II / pericentric heterochromatin formation / inner kinetochore ...NELF complex / NTRK3 as a dependence receptor / negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation / negative regulation of chromosome condensation / DSIF complex / Barr body / regulation of centromere complex assembly / regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II / pericentric heterochromatin formation / inner kinetochore / Formation of RNA Pol II elongation complex / Formation of the Early Elongation Complex / Transcriptional regulation by small RNAs / RNA Polymerase II Pre-transcription Events / TP53 Regulates Transcription of DNA Repair Genes / FGFR2 alternative splicing / RNA polymerase II transcribes snRNA genes / mRNA Capping / mRNA Splicing - Minor Pathway / Processing of Capped Intron-Containing Pre-mRNA / RNA Polymerase II Promoter Escape / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Pre-Initiation And Promoter Opening / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Elongation / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation And Promoter Clearance / RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE / Estrogen-dependent gene expression / Formation of TC-NER Pre-Incision Complex / Dual incision in TC-NER / Gap-filling DNA repair synthesis and ligation in TC-NER / mRNA Splicing - Major Pathway / negative regulation of stem cell differentiation / muscle cell differentiation / nuclear lumen / positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation / oocyte maturation / Abortive elongation of HIV-1 transcript in the absence of Tat / nucleosomal DNA binding / transcription elongation-coupled chromatin remodeling / transcription factor TFIID complex / RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE during HIV infection / RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE / Formation of the Early Elongation Complex / Formation of the HIV-1 Early Elongation Complex / mRNA Capping / nucleus organization / spermatid development / RNA polymerase II complex binding / negative regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II / maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II / Pausing and recovery of Tat-mediated HIV elongation / Tat-mediated HIV elongation arrest and recovery / positive regulation of macroautophagy / RNA polymerase II transcribes snRNA genes / HIV elongation arrest and recovery / Pausing and recovery of HIV elongation / single fertilization / negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway / Tat-mediated elongation of the HIV-1 transcript / transcription by RNA polymerase III / transcription by RNA polymerase I / Formation of HIV-1 elongation complex containing HIV-1 Tat / subtelomeric heterochromatin formation / negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation / RNA polymerase I complex / RNA polymerase III complex / protein localization to CENP-A containing chromatin / Formation of HIV elongation complex in the absence of HIV Tat / RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding / transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair / Replacement of protamines by nucleosomes in the male pronucleus / RNA polymerase II, core complex / tRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III / : / CENP-A containing nucleosome / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Elongation / Packaging Of Telomere Ends / Formation of RNA Pol II elongation complex / Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected purine / Cleavage of the damaged purine / Deposition of new CENPA-containing nucleosomes at the centromere / Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected pyrimidine / Cleavage of the damaged pyrimidine / RNA Polymerase II Pre-transcription Events / embryo implantation / telomere organization / DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity / Inhibition of DNA recombination at telomere / DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex / Meiotic synapsis / RNA Polymerase I Promoter Opening / Assembly of the ORC complex at the origin of replication / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by the Human Silencing Hub (HUSH) complex / innate immune response in mucosa / SUMOylation of chromatin organization proteins / DNA methylation / Condensation of Prophase Chromosomes / Chromatin modifications during the maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) / HCMV Late Events / SIRT1 negatively regulates rRNA expression Similarity search - Function
DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB4 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB3 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5 / RNA polymerase II, I and III subunit K / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC2 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit E / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB11-a ...DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB4 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB3 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5 / RNA polymerase II, I and III subunit K / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC2 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit E / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB11-a / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3 / Transcription elongation factor SPT5 / Histone H2A type 1-B/E / Histone H2B type 1-J / Negative elongation factor E / Transcription elongation factor A protein 1 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB9 / Histone H4 / Transcription elongation factor SPT4 / Histone H3.3 / Negative elongation factor C/D / Negative elongation factor B / Negative elongation factor A Similarity search - Component
Biological species
Sus scrofa (pig) / Homo sapiens (human)
Method
single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.4 Å
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
JP23ama121009
Japan
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
JP24H00062
Japan
Other private
Japan
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
JP22K15033
Japan
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
JP23K17392
Japan
Citation
Journal: Sci Adv / Year: 2025 Title: Structural insights into promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II at +1 nucleosome. Authors: Masahiro Naganuma / Tomoya Kujirai / Haruhiko Ehara / Tamami Uejima / Tomoko Ito / Mie Goto / Mari Aoki / Masami Henmi / Sayako Miyamoto-Kohno / Mikako Shirouzu / Hitoshi Kurumizaka / Shun-Ichi Sekine / Abstract: The metazoan transcription elongation complex (EC) of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) generally stalls between the transcription start site and the first (+1) nucleosome. This promoter-proximal pausing ...The metazoan transcription elongation complex (EC) of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) generally stalls between the transcription start site and the first (+1) nucleosome. This promoter-proximal pausing involves negative elongation factor (NELF), 5,6-dichloro-1-β-d-ribobenzimidazole sensitivity-inducing factor (DSIF), and transcription elongation factor IIS (TFIIS) and is critical for subsequent productive transcription elongation. However, the detailed pausing mechanism and the involvement of the +1 nucleosome remain enigmatic. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of ECs stalled on nucleosomal DNA. In the absence of TFIIS, the EC is backtracked/arrested due to conflicts between NELF and the nucleosome. We identified two alternative binding modes of NELF, one of which reveals a critical contact with the downstream DNA through the conserved NELF-E basic helix. Upon binding with TFIIS, the EC progressed to the nucleosome to establish a paused EC with a partially unwrapped nucleosome. This paused EC strongly restricts EC progression further downstream. These structures illuminate the mechanism of RNAPII pausing/stalling at the +1 nucleosome.
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