The Helen and Milton A. Kimmelman Center for Biomolecular Structure and Assembly
Israel
Citation
Journal: Nature / Year: 2026 Title: N-Methylpseudouridine directly modulates translation dynamics. Authors: Batsheva Rozman / Karin Broennimann / K Shanmugha Rajan / Aharon Nachshon / Chiranjeet Saha / Tamar Arazi / Vishnu Mohan / Tamar Geiger / Clayton J Wollner / Justin M Richner / Eric Westhof ...Authors: Batsheva Rozman / Karin Broennimann / K Shanmugha Rajan / Aharon Nachshon / Chiranjeet Saha / Tamar Arazi / Vishnu Mohan / Tamar Geiger / Clayton J Wollner / Justin M Richner / Eric Westhof / Ada Yonath / Anat Bashan / Noam Stern-Ginossar / Abstract: The considerable success of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has underscored the potential of synthetic mRNA as a transformative biomedical technology. A critical feature of this approach is the ...The considerable success of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has underscored the potential of synthetic mRNA as a transformative biomedical technology. A critical feature of this approach is the incorporation of the modified nucleoside N-methylpseudouridine (mΨ), which enhances antigen expression while reducing immunogenicity. However, a comprehensive understanding of how mΨ influences translation remains incomplete. Here we use ribosome profiling at the subcodon resolution to show that mΨ increases ribosome density on synthetic mRNAs, leading to higher protein production independent of innate immune activation or eIF2α phosphorylation. We find that mΨ directly slows ribosome movement in defined sequence contexts while simultaneously promoting translation initiation. Structural studies using cryo-electron microscopy reveal that mΨ alters interactions within the ribosomal decoding centre, providing a mechanistic basis for slowed elongation. Furthermore, by introducing synonymous recoding that disrupts the modification-mediated changes in elongation, we show that the mΨ-dependent enhancement of protein output is modulated by codon composition, and that mΨ impact is strongest in mRNAs containing non-optimal codons with uridines at the wobble position. Together, these findings demonstrate that mΨ directly modulates translation dynamics, thereby increasing protein yield from synthetic mRNAs in specific sequence contexts.
Entire : CRYO-EM STRUCTURE OF HUMAN 80S RIBOSOME WITH A/P/E-SITE TRNA AND ...
Entire
Name: CRYO-EM STRUCTURE OF HUMAN 80S RIBOSOME WITH A/P/E-SITE TRNA AND MRNA CONTAINING N1-METHYLPSEUDOURIDINE
Components
Complex: CRYO-EM STRUCTURE OF HUMAN 80S RIBOSOME WITH A/P/E-SITE TRNA AND MRNA CONTAINING N1-METHYLPSEUDOURIDINE
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Supramolecule #1: CRYO-EM STRUCTURE OF HUMAN 80S RIBOSOME WITH A/P/E-SITE TRNA AND ...
Supramolecule
Name: CRYO-EM STRUCTURE OF HUMAN 80S RIBOSOME WITH A/P/E-SITE TRNA AND MRNA CONTAINING N1-METHYLPSEUDOURIDINE type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#83 Details: CRYO-EM STRUCTURE OF HUMAN 80S RIBOSOME WITH A/P/E-SITE TRNA AND MRNA CONTAINING N1-METHYLPSEUDOURIDINE
Source (natural)
Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
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Experimental details
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Structure determination
Method
cryo EM
Processing
single particle reconstruction
Aggregation state
particle
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Sample preparation
Buffer
pH: 7.6
Vitrification
Cryogen name: ETHANE
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Electron microscopy
Microscope
TFS KRIOS
Image recording
Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 1.077 e/Å2
Electron beam
Acceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
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