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- EMDB-47939: Active state of mTOR on membrane -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-47939
TitleActive state of mTOR on membrane
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: The mTORC1-Rag-Ragulator-4EBP1 complex on membrane
    • Protein or peptide: Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR
    • Protein or peptide: Target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8
    • Protein or peptide: GTP-binding protein Rheb
  • Ligand: PHOSPHOAMINOPHOSPHONIC ACID-ADENYLATE ESTER
  • Ligand: MAGNESIUM ION
  • Ligand: INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE
  • Ligand: 5'-GUANOSINE-DIPHOSPHATE-MONOTHIOPHOSPHATE
KeywordsmTORC1 / cell growth / signaling protein / membrane
Function / homology
Function and homology information


regulation of type B pancreatic cell development / RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding / RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding / positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation / regulation of locomotor rhythm / T-helper 1 cell lineage commitment / positive regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt / positive regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells / TORC2 signaling / TORC2 complex ...regulation of type B pancreatic cell development / RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding / RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding / positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation / regulation of locomotor rhythm / T-helper 1 cell lineage commitment / positive regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt / positive regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells / TORC2 signaling / TORC2 complex / regulation of membrane permeability / cellular response to leucine starvation / negative regulation of lysosome organization / heart valve morphogenesis / TFIIIC-class transcription factor complex binding / TORC1 complex / voluntary musculoskeletal movement / positive regulation of transcription of nucleolar large rRNA by RNA polymerase I / calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade / RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding / positive regulation of keratinocyte migration / regulation of osteoclast differentiation / regulation of lysosome organization / MTOR signalling / cellular response to nutrient / cellular response to L-leucine / energy reserve metabolic process / Amino acids regulate mTORC1 / regulation of autophagosome assembly / Energy dependent regulation of mTOR by LKB1-AMPK / TORC1 signaling / ruffle organization / serine/threonine protein kinase complex / cellular response to methionine / negative regulation of cell size / positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process / cellular response to osmotic stress / negative regulation of protein localization to nucleus / anoikis / inositol hexakisphosphate binding / cardiac muscle cell development / negative regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade / negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis / regulation of myelination / positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III / small GTPase-mediated signal transduction / negative regulation of macroautophagy / Macroautophagy / positive regulation of myotube differentiation / regulation of cell size / Constitutive Signaling by AKT1 E17K in Cancer / positive regulation of actin filament polymerization / germ cell development / TOR signaling / behavioral response to pain / mTORC1-mediated signalling / oligodendrocyte differentiation / positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation / positive regulation of translational initiation / protein kinase activator activity / CD28 dependent PI3K/Akt signaling / HSF1-dependent transactivation / positive regulation of TOR signaling / regulation of macroautophagy / response to amino acid / 'de novo' pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process / positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition / vascular endothelial cell response to laminar fluid shear stress / positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process / heart morphogenesis / cellular response to nutrient levels / neuronal action potential / regulation of cellular response to heat / positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly / cardiac muscle contraction / phagocytic vesicle / T cell costimulation / positive regulation of stress fiber assembly / cytoskeleton organization / positive regulation of TORC1 signaling / endomembrane system / negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway / negative regulation of autophagy / cellular response to amino acid starvation / positive regulation of translation / regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator / positive regulation of glycolytic process / cellular response to starvation / protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity / Regulation of PTEN gene transcription / VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability / post-embryonic development / TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes / regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization / spliceosomal complex / cellular response to amino acid stimulus / non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase / macroautophagy / phosphoprotein binding / response to nutrient levels
Similarity search - Function
Target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 / Domain of unknown function DUF3385, target of rapamycin protein / Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR domain / Domain of unknown function / FKBP12-rapamycin binding domain / Serine/threonine-protein kinase TOR / FKBP12-rapamycin binding domain superfamily / FKBP12-rapamycin binding domain / Rapamycin binding domain / Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR-like, HEAT repeats ...Target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 / Domain of unknown function DUF3385, target of rapamycin protein / Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR domain / Domain of unknown function / FKBP12-rapamycin binding domain / Serine/threonine-protein kinase TOR / FKBP12-rapamycin binding domain superfamily / FKBP12-rapamycin binding domain / Rapamycin binding domain / Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR-like, HEAT repeats / : / FATC domain / PIK-related kinase, FAT / FAT domain / FATC / FATC domain / PIK-related kinase / FAT domain profile. / FATC domain profile. / Quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase-like superfamily / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinases signature 1. / Phosphatidylinositol 3/4-kinase, conserved site / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinases signature 2. / Phosphatidylinositol 3-/4-kinase, catalytic domain superfamily / Small GTPase, Ras-type / Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, catalytic domain / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinase / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinases catalytic domain profile. / Phosphatidylinositol 3-/4-kinase, catalytic domain / Small GTPase Ras domain profile. / Rho (Ras homology) subfamily of Ras-like small GTPases / Ras subfamily of RAS small GTPases / Small GTPase / Ras family / Rab subfamily of small GTPases / Armadillo-like helical / Small GTP-binding protein domain / Tetratricopeptide-like helical domain superfamily / WD domain, G-beta repeat / Armadillo-type fold / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / Protein kinase-like domain superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR / GTP-binding protein Rheb / Target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.16 Å
AuthorsCui Z / Hurley J
Funding support United States, 1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI)CA285366 United States
CitationJournal: Nature / Year: 2025
Title: Structural basis for mTORC1 activation on the lysosomal membrane.
Authors: Zhicheng Cui / Alessandra Esposito / Gennaro Napolitano / Andrea Ballabio / James H Hurley /
Abstract: The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates growth factor (GF) and nutrient signals to stimulate anabolic processes connected to cell growth and inhibit catabolic processes such ...The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates growth factor (GF) and nutrient signals to stimulate anabolic processes connected to cell growth and inhibit catabolic processes such as autophagy. GF signalling through the tuberous sclerosis complex regulates the lysosomally localized small GTPase RAS homologue enriched in brain (RHEB). Direct binding of RHEB-GTP to the mTOR kinase subunit of mTORC1 allosterically activates the kinase by inducing a large-scale conformational change. Here we reconstituted mTORC1 activation on membranes by RHEB, RAGs and Ragulator. Cryo-electron microscopy showed that RAPTOR and mTOR interact directly with the membrane. Full engagement of the membrane anchors is required for optimal alignment of the catalytic residues in the mTOR kinase active site. Converging signals from GFs and nutrients drive mTORC1 recruitment to and activation on lysosomal membrane in a four-step process, consisting of (1) RAG-Ragulator-driven recruitment to within ~100 Å of the lysosomal membrane; (2) RHEB-driven recruitment to within ~40 Å; (3) RAPTOR-membrane engagement and intermediate enzyme activation; and (4) mTOR-membrane engagement and full enzyme activation. RHEB and membrane engagement combined leads to full catalytic activation and structurally explains GF and nutrient signal integration at the lysosome.
History
DepositionNov 16, 2024-
Header (metadata) releaseSep 10, 2025-
Map releaseSep 10, 2025-
UpdateOct 1, 2025-
Current statusOct 1, 2025Processing site: RCSB / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_47939.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_47939.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 343 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
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AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
1.04 Å/pix.
x 448 pix.
= 465.92 Å		1.04 Å/pix.
x 448 pix.
= 465.92 Å		1.04 Å/pix.
x 448 pix.
= 465.92 Å

Surface

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Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.04 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.16
Minimum - Maximum-0.66527367 - 1.123299
Average (Standard dev.)-0.00020503622 (±0.021770427)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions448448448
Spacing448448448
CellA=B=C: 465.91998 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #1

Fileemd_47939_half_map_1.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

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Density Histograms

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Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_47939_half_map_2.map
Projections & Slices
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Sample components

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Entire : The mTORC1-Rag-Ragulator-4EBP1 complex on membrane

EntireName: The mTORC1-Rag-Ragulator-4EBP1 complex on membrane
Components
  • Complex: The mTORC1-Rag-Ragulator-4EBP1 complex on membrane
    • Protein or peptide: Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR
    • Protein or peptide: Target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8
    • Protein or peptide: GTP-binding protein Rheb
  • Ligand: PHOSPHOAMINOPHOSPHONIC ACID-ADENYLATE ESTER
  • Ligand: MAGNESIUM ION
  • Ligand: INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE
  • Ligand: 5'-GUANOSINE-DIPHOSPHATE-MONOTHIOPHOSPHATE

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Supramolecule #1: The mTORC1-Rag-Ragulator-4EBP1 complex on membrane

SupramoleculeName: The mTORC1-Rag-Ragulator-4EBP1 complex on membrane / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#3
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Macromolecule #1: Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR

MacromoleculeName: Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO / EC number: non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 289.257969 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: MLGTGPAAAT TAATTSSNVS VLQQFASGLK SRNEETRAKA AKELQHYVTM ELREMSQEES TRFYDQLNHH IFELVSSSDA NERKGGILA IASLIGVEGG NATRIGRFAN YLRNLLPSND PVVMEMASKA IGRLAMAGDT FTAEYVEFEV KRALEWLGAD R NEGRRHAA ...String:
MLGTGPAAAT TAATTSSNVS VLQQFASGLK SRNEETRAKA AKELQHYVTM ELREMSQEES TRFYDQLNHH IFELVSSSDA NERKGGILA IASLIGVEGG NATRIGRFAN YLRNLLPSND PVVMEMASKA IGRLAMAGDT FTAEYVEFEV KRALEWLGAD R NEGRRHAA VLVLRELAIS VPTFFFQQVQ PFFDNIFVAV WDPKQAIREG AVAALRACLI LTTQREPKEM QKPQWYRHTF EE AEKGFDE TLAKEKGMNR DDRIHGALLI LNELVRISSM EGERLREEME EITQQQLVHD KYCKDLMGFG TKPRHITPFT SFQ AVQPQQ SNALVGLLGY SSHQGLMGFG TSPSPAKSTL VESRCCRDLM EEKFDQVCQW VLKCRNSKNS LIQMTILNLL PRLA AFRPS AFTDTQYLQD TMNHVLSCVK KEKERTAAFQ ALGLLSVAVR SEFKVYLPRV LDIIRAALPP KDFAHKRQKA MQVDA TVFT CISMLARAMG PGIQQDIKEL LEPMLAVGLS PALTAVLYDL SRQIPQLKKD IQDGLLKMLS LVLMHKPLRH PGMPKG LAH QLASPGLTTL PEASDVGSIT LALRTLGSFE FEGHSLTQFV RHCADHFLNS EHKEIRMEAA RTCSRLLTPS IHLISGH AH VVSQTAVQVV ADVLSKLLVV GITDPDPDIR YCVLASLDER FDAHLAQAEN LQALFVALND QVFEIRELAI CTVGRLSS M NPAFVMPFLR KMLIQILTEL EHSGIGRIKE QSARMLGHLV SNAPRLIRPY MEPILKALIL KLKDPDPDPN PGVINNVLA TIGELAQVSG LEMRKWVDEL FIIIMDMLQD SSLLAKRQVA LWTLGQLVAS TGYVVEPYRK YPTLLEVLLN FLKTEQNQGT RREAIRVLG LLGALDPYKH KVNIGMIDQS RDASAVSLSE SKSSQDSSDY STSEMLVNMG NLPLDEFYPA VSMVALMRIF R DQSLSHHH TMVVQAITFI FKSLGLKCVQ FLPQVMPTFL NVIRVCDGAI REFLFQQLGM LVSFVKSHIR PYMDEIVTLM RE FWVMNTS IQSTIILLIE QIVVALGGEF KLYLPQLIPH MLRVFMHDNS PGRIVSIKLL AAIQLFGANL DDYLHLLLPP IVK LFDAPE APLPSRKAAL ETVDRLTESL DFTDYASRII HPIVRTLDQS PELRSTAMDT LSSLVFQLGK KYQIFIPMVN KVLV RHRIN HQRYDVLICR IVKGYTLADE EEDPLIYQHR MLRSGQGDAL ASGPVETGPM KKLHVSTINL QKAWGAARRV SKDDW LEWL RRLSLELLKD SSSPSLRSCW ALAQAYNPMA RDLFNAAFVS CWSELNEDQQ DELIRSIELA LTSQDIAEVT QTLLNL AEF MEHSDKGPLP LRDDNGIVLL GERAAKCRAY AKALHYKELE FQKGPTPAIL ESLISINNKL QQPEAAAGVL EYAMKHF GE LEIQATWYEK LHEWEDALVA YDKKMDTNKD DPELMLGRMR CLEALGEWGQ LHQQCCEKWT LVNDETQAKM ARMAAAAA W GLGQWDSMEE YTCMIPRDTH DGAFYRAVLA LHQDLFSLAQ QCIDKARDLL DAELTAMAGE SYSRAYGAMV SCHMLSELE EVIQYKLVPE RREIIRQIWW ERLQGCQRIV EDWQKILMVR SLVVSPHEDM RTWLKYASLC GKSGRLALAH KTLVLLLGVD PSRQLDHPL PTVHPQVTYA YMKNMWKSAR KIDAFQHMQH FVQTMQQQAQ HAIATEDQQH KQELHKLMAR CFLKLGEWQL N LQGINEST IPKVLQYYSA ATEHDRSWYK AWHAWAVMNF EAVLHYKHQN QARDEKKKLR HASGANITNA TTAATTAATA TT TASTEGS NSESEAESTE NSPTPSPLQK KVTEDLSKTL LMYTVPAVQG FFRSISLSRG NNLQDTLRVL TLWFDYGHWP DVN EALVEG VKAIQIDTWL QVIPQLIARI DTPRPLVGRL IHQLLTDIGR YHPQALIYPL TVASKSTTTA RHNAANKILK NMCE HSNTL VQQAMMVSEE LIRVAILWHE MWHEGLEEAS RLYFGERNVK GMFEVLEPLH AMMERGPQTL KETSFNQAYG RDLME AQEW CRKYMKSGNV KDLTQAWDLY YHVFRRISKQ LPQLTSLELQ YVSPKLLMCR DLELAVPGTY DPNQPIIRIQ SIAPSL QVI TSKQRPRKLT LMGSNGHEFV FLLKGHEDLR QDERVMQLFG LVNTLLANDP TSLRKNLSIQ RYAVIPLSTN SGLIGWV PH CDTLHALIRD YREKKKILLN IEHRIMLRMA PDYDHLTLMQ KVEVFEHAVN NTAGDDLAKL LWLKSPSSEV WFDRRTNY T RSLAVMSMVG YILGLGDRHP SNLMLDRLSG KILHIDFGDC FEVAMTREKF PEKIPFRLTR MLTNAMEVTG LDGNYRITC HTVMEVLREH KDSVMAVLEA FVYDPLLNWR LMDTNTKGNK RSRTRTDSYS AGQSVEILDG VELGEPAHKK TGTTVPESIH SFIGDGLVK PEALNKKAIQ IINRVRDKLT GRDFSHDDTL DVPTQVELLI KQATSHENLC QCYIGWCPFW

UniProtKB: Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR

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Macromolecule #2: Target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8

MacromoleculeName: Target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 35.91009 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: MNTSPGTVGS DPVILATAGY DHTVRFWQAH SGICTRTVQH QDSQVNALEV TPDRSMIAAA GYQHIRMYDL NSNNPNPIIS YDGVNKNIA SVGFHEDGRW MYTGGEDCTA RIWDLRSRNL QCQRIFQVNA PINCVCLHPN QAELIVGDQS GAIHIWDLKT D HNEQLIPE ...String:
MNTSPGTVGS DPVILATAGY DHTVRFWQAH SGICTRTVQH QDSQVNALEV TPDRSMIAAA GYQHIRMYDL NSNNPNPIIS YDGVNKNIA SVGFHEDGRW MYTGGEDCTA RIWDLRSRNL QCQRIFQVNA PINCVCLHPN QAELIVGDQS GAIHIWDLKT D HNEQLIPE PEVSITSAHI DPDASYMAAV NSTGNCYVWN LTGGIGDEVT QLIPKTKIPA HTRYALQCRF SPDSTLLATC SA DQTCKIW RTSNFSLMTE LSIKSGNPGE SSRGWMWGCA FSGDSQYIVT ASSDNLARLW CVETGEIKRE YGGHQKAVVC LAF NDSVLG

UniProtKB: Target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8

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Macromolecule #3: GTP-binding protein Rheb

MacromoleculeName: GTP-binding protein Rheb / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
EC number: Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 20.519449 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
MPQSKSRKIA ILGYRSVGKS SLTIQFVEGQ FVDSYDPTIE NTFTKLITVN GQEYHLQLVD TAGQDEYSIF PQTYSIDING YILVYSVTS IKSFEVIKVI HGKLLDMVGK VQIPIMLVGN KKDLHMERVI SYEEGKALAE SWNAAFLESS AKENQTAVDV F RRIILEAE KMDGAASQGK SSCSVM

UniProtKB: GTP-binding protein Rheb

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Macromolecule #4: PHOSPHOAMINOPHOSPHONIC ACID-ADENYLATE ESTER

MacromoleculeName: PHOSPHOAMINOPHOSPHONIC ACID-ADENYLATE ESTER / type: ligand / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: ANP
Molecular weightTheoretical: 506.196 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-ANP:
PHOSPHOAMINOPHOSPHONIC ACID-ADENYLATE ESTER / AMP-PNP, energy-carrying molecule analogue*YM

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Macromolecule #5: MAGNESIUM ION

MacromoleculeName: MAGNESIUM ION / type: ligand / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 3 / Formula: MG
Molecular weightTheoretical: 24.305 Da

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Macromolecule #6: INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE

MacromoleculeName: INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE / type: ligand / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: IHP
Molecular weightTheoretical: 660.035 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-IHP:
INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE

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Macromolecule #7: 5'-GUANOSINE-DIPHOSPHATE-MONOTHIOPHOSPHATE

MacromoleculeName: 5'-GUANOSINE-DIPHOSPHATE-MONOTHIOPHOSPHATE / type: ligand / ID: 7 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: GSP
Molecular weightTheoretical: 539.246 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-GSP:
5'-GUANOSINE-DIPHOSPHATE-MONOTHIOPHOSPHATE

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 7.4
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeTFS KRIOS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 30.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2.0 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.9 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

CTF correctionSoftware - Name: cryoSPARC (ver. 4.4) / Type: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Startup modelType of model: INSILICO MODEL / In silico model: ab-initio reconstruction by cryoSPARC
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.16 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Software - Name: cryoSPARC (ver. 4.4) / Details: symmetry-expanded particles / Number images used: 133693
Initial angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
FSC plot (resolution estimation)

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